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From Late Latinpsalmus, from Ancient Greekψαλμός(psalmós, “song sung to a harp, performance on a stringed instrument”), from ψάλλω(psállō, “I pluck an instrument”).
Unknown, possibly from a Celtic/Gaulish word; the common derivation from saliō(“to leap”) has been dismissed as folk etymology. An equation with Proto-Slavic*sòmъ(“catfish”) by Preobraženskij has not been well-received by succeeding Slavists; neither is Finnishsampi(“sturgeon”) likely related.
“salmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
salmo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1914–1916) “salmo”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2 (П – С), numbers 10–14, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 355
Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN