sanoa

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Ese

Noun

sanoa

  1. (anatomy) jaw
  2. (anatomy) chin

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sanoidak. Equivalent to sana (“word”) +‎ -oa. Cognates include Ingrian sannoa.

Pronunciation

Verb

sanoa

  1. (transitive) to say, tell
    Synonyms: virkkoa, vääntää, lausua, todeta, heittää (informal), olla että (informal), sprookata (Helsinki slang, dated)
    Sanoiko hän sen?
    Did she say it?
    Sanoiko hän siitä mitään sinulle?
    Did she say anything about it to you?
    Ei saada sanaa sanottua enää sanomattomaksi.
    What has been said cannot be unsaid.
  2. (transitive, usually atelic) to call, name, dub ; (passive) go by
    Synonym: kutsua
    Häntä sanottiin Pekaksi.
    He was called Pekka.
    Sanoisin sitä pyramidihuijaukseksi.
    I'd call it a pyramid scheme.

Conjugation

Inflection of sanoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sanon en sano 1st sing. olen sanonut en ole sanonut
2nd sing. sanot et sano 2nd sing. olet sanonut et ole sanonut
3rd sing. sanoo ei sano 3rd sing. on sanonut ei ole sanonut
1st plur. sanomme emme sano 1st plur. olemme sanoneet emme ole sanoneet
2nd plur. sanotte ette sano 2nd plur. olette sanoneet ette ole sanoneet
3rd plur. sanovat eivät sano 3rd plur. ovat sanoneet eivät ole sanoneet
passive sanotaan ei sanota passive on sanottu ei ole sanottu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sanoin en sanonut 1st sing. olin sanonut en ollut sanonut
2nd sing. sanoit et sanonut 2nd sing. olit sanonut et ollut sanonut
3rd sing. sanoi ei sanonut 3rd sing. oli sanonut ei ollut sanonut
1st plur. sanoimme emme sanoneet 1st plur. olimme sanoneet emme olleet sanoneet
2nd plur. sanoitte ette sanoneet 2nd plur. olitte sanoneet ette olleet sanoneet
3rd plur. sanoivat eivät sanoneet 3rd plur. olivat sanoneet eivät olleet sanoneet
passive sanottiin ei sanottu passive oli sanottu ei ollut sanottu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sanoisin en sanoisi 1st sing. olisin sanonut en olisi sanonut
2nd sing. sanoisit et sanoisi 2nd sing. olisit sanonut et olisi sanonut
3rd sing. sanoisi ei sanoisi 3rd sing. olisi sanonut ei olisi sanonut
1st plur. sanoisimme emme sanoisi 1st plur. olisimme sanoneet emme olisi sanoneet
2nd plur. sanoisitte ette sanoisi 2nd plur. olisitte sanoneet ette olisi sanoneet
3rd plur. sanoisivat eivät sanoisi 3rd plur. olisivat sanoneet eivät olisi sanoneet
passive sanottaisiin ei sanottaisi passive olisi sanottu ei olisi sanottu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. sano älä sano 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. sanokoon älköön sanoko 3rd sing. olkoon sanonut älköön olko sanonut
1st plur. sanokaamme älkäämme sanoko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. sanokaa älkää sanoko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. sanokoot älkööt sanoko 3rd plur. olkoot sanoneet älkööt olko sanoneet
passive sanottakoon älköön sanottako passive olkoon sanottu älköön olko sanottu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sanonen en sanone 1st sing. lienen sanonut en liene sanonut
2nd sing. sanonet et sanone 2nd sing. lienet sanonut et liene sanonut
3rd sing. sanonee ei sanone 3rd sing. lienee sanonut ei liene sanonut
1st plur. sanonemme emme sanone 1st plur. lienemme sanoneet emme liene sanoneet
2nd plur. sanonette ette sanone 2nd plur. lienette sanoneet ette liene sanoneet
3rd plur. sanonevat eivät sanone 3rd plur. lienevät sanoneet eivät liene sanoneet
passive sanottaneen ei sanottane passive lienee sanottu ei liene sanottu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st sanoa present sanova sanottava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sanoakseni sanoaksemme
2nd sanoaksesi sanoaksenne
3rd sanoakseen
sanoaksensa
past sanonut sanottu
2nd inessive2 sanoessa sanottaessa agent4 sanoma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sanoessani sanoessamme
2nd sanoessasi sanoessanne
3rd sanoessaan
sanoessansa
negative sanomaton
instructive sanoen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive sanomassa —
elative sanomasta —
illative sanomaan —
adessive sanomalla —
abessive sanomatta —
instructive sanoman sanottaman
4th3 verbal noun sanominen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sanomaisillani sanomaisillamme
2nd sanomaisillasi sanomaisillanne
3rd sanomaisillaan
sanomaisillansa

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns
verbs

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