saothar

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish saíthar,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *saitrom, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-trom (“binding, fetter”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈsˠeːhəɾˠ/^[3]
(Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈsˠiːhəɾˠ/
- (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ˈsˠiːɾˠ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈsˠihəɾˠ/, (older) /ˈsˠɯhəɾˠ/^[4]

Noun

saothar m (genitive singular saothair, nominative plural saothair)

labour (work); toil, exertion; stress, effort
gan saothar ― without effort
work (product of labour)
1. thing done, achievement
2. works; literary or artistic composition
(music) opus
(music, literature) composition, piece
job of destruction
(literary) travail, pangs of childbirth
evacuation of bowels; excrement
(as verbal noun, ag ~) labouring, toiling

Declension

Declension of saothar

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	saothar	saothair
Vocative	a shaothair	a shaothara
Genitive	saothair	saothar
Dative	saothar	saothair

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an saothar	na saothair
Genitive	an tsaothair	na saothar
Dative	leis an saothar don saothar	leis na saothair

Synonyms

(labour): obair
(composition, piece): dréacht, píosa

Derived terms

ardsaothar
bileog shaothair
saothar allamuigh (“field-work”)
saothar an bháis (“death-throes”)
saothar an lae (“the daily grind”)
saothar anála (“panting, laboured breathing”)
saothar bradáin (“process of spawning of salmon”)
saothar coirp (“manpower”)
saothar díreach (“direct labour”)
saothar ealaíne (“art, artwork, work of art”)
saothar ficsin (“work of fiction”)
saothar foirne (“team effort”)
saothar in aisce (“lost cause, labour in vain”)
saothar indíreach (“indirect labour”)
saothar láimhe (“handicraft”)
saothar múrealaíne (“wall painting”)
saothar seanré (“period piece”)
saothar taifeadta (“discography”)
saothar teibí (“abstract, abstraction”, noun)
saotharlann (“laboratory”)
saothrach
saothraí
saothraigh
saothrán (“culture”)
scoil saothair

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
saothar	shaothar after an, tsaothar	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “saethar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*saytro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 325
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 79
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 44

Further reading

“saothar”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “saoṫar”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 595
Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “saothar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
“saothar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

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