sap

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sap"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sæp/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æp

Etymology 1

From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.

The longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.

Noun

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)

  1. (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
  2. (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
  3. Any juice.
  4. (figurative) Vitality.
  5. (slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.
    Synonyms: milksop, saphead
    Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.
    • 1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks:
      She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

  1. (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.).
  2. (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.
    • 2022 April 12, Neil Johnston, “Real Madrid 2-3 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport‎:
      While Tuchel will be delighted with the way his players responded, there will be concern at how much the energy-sapping 120 minutes has taken out of them.

Etymology 2

Probably from sapling.

Noun

sap (plural saps)

  1. (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
    • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
      I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.
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Translations

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

  1. (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).
    • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
      s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.
    • 1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain:
      And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.
Translations

Etymology 3

From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).

Noun

sap (plural saps)

  1. (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

  1. (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
  2. (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
  3. (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
  4. (transitive) To gradually weaken.
    to sap one’s conscience
    he saps my energy
  5. (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.
Translations

Anagrams

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Latin sappa. Compare Romanian săpa, sap, French saper, Italian zappare, Sicilian zappari, Spanish zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetian sapar, Latin sappa.

Verb

sap first-singular present indicative (past participle sãpatã)

  1. to dig (with a pick)

Related terms

See also

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sạp-.

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

  1. thread
    Synonym: ip
Declension
    Declension of sap
singular plural
nominative sap
 saplar
definite accusative sapı
 sapları
dative sapa
 saplara
locative sapda
 saplarda
ablative sapdan
 saplardan
definite genitive sapın
 sapların
    Possessive forms of sap
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapım saplarım
sənin (“your”) sapın sapların
onun (“his/her/its”) sapı sapları
bizim (“our”) sapımız saplarımız
sizin (“your”) sapınız saplarınız
onların (“their”) sapı or sapları sapları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımı saplarımı
sənin (“your”) sapını saplarını
onun (“his/her/its”) sapını saplarını
bizim (“our”) sapımızı saplarımızı
sizin (“your”) sapınızı saplarınızı
onların (“their”) sapını or saplarını saplarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapıma saplarıma
sənin (“your”) sapına saplarına
onun (“his/her/its”) sapına saplarına
bizim (“our”) sapımıza saplarımıza
sizin (“your”) sapınıza saplarınıza
onların (“their”) sapına or saplarına saplarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımda saplarımda
sənin (“your”) sapında saplarında
onun (“his/her/its”) sapında saplarında
bizim (“our”) sapımızda saplarımızda
sizin (“your”) sapınızda saplarınızda
onların (“their”) sapında or saplarında saplarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımdan saplarımdan
sənin (“your”) sapından saplarından
onun (“his/her/its”) sapından saplarından
bizim (“our”) sapımızdan saplarımızdan
sizin (“your”) sapınızdan saplarınızdan
onların (“their”) sapından or saplarından saplarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımın saplarımın
sənin (“your”) sapının saplarının
onun (“his/her/its”) sapının saplarının
bizim (“our”) sapımızın saplarımızın
sizin (“your”) sapınızın saplarınızın
onların (“their”) sapının or saplarının saplarının

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

  1. grip, hilt
Declension
    Declension of sap
singular plural
nominative sap
 saplar
definite accusative sapı
 sapları
dative sapa
 saplara
locative sapda
 saplarda
ablative sapdan
 saplardan
definite genitive sapın
 sapların
    Possessive forms of sap
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapım saplarım
sənin (“your”) sapın sapların
onun (“his/her/its”) sapı sapları
bizim (“our”) sapımız saplarımız
sizin (“your”) sapınız saplarınız
onların (“their”) sapı or sapları sapları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımı saplarımı
sənin (“your”) sapını saplarını
onun (“his/her/its”) sapını saplarını
bizim (“our”) sapımızı saplarımızı
sizin (“your”) sapınızı saplarınızı
onların (“their”) sapını or saplarını saplarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapıma saplarıma
sənin (“your”) sapına saplarına
onun (“his/her/its”) sapına saplarına
bizim (“our”) sapımıza saplarımıza
sizin (“your”) sapınıza saplarınıza
onların (“their”) sapına or saplarına saplarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımda saplarımda
sənin (“your”) sapında saplarında
onun (“his/her/its”) sapında saplarında
bizim (“our”) sapımızda saplarımızda
sizin (“your”) sapınızda saplarınızda
onların (“their”) sapında or saplarında saplarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımdan saplarımdan
sənin (“your”) sapından saplarından
onun (“his/her/its”) sapından saplarından
bizim (“our”) sapımızdan saplarımızdan
sizin (“your”) sapınızdan saplarınızdan
onların (“their”) sapından or saplarından saplarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sapımın saplarımın
sənin (“your”) sapının saplarının
onun (“his/her/its”) sapının saplarının
bizim (“our”) sapımızın saplarımızın
sizin (“your”) sapınızın saplarınızın
onların (“their”) sapının or saplarının saplarının

Further reading

  • “sap” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Back-formation from cepell.

Noun

sap m (plural saps)

  1. common heather
    Synonyms: bruguerola, bronsa

Etymology 3

Verb

sap

  1. third-person singular present indicative of saber

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch sap, from Old Dutch *sap, from Proto-West Germanic *sap.

Pronunciation

Noun

sap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)

  1. juice
    Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap
  2. sap (fluid in plants)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: sap
  • Negerhollands: sap
  • → Indonesian: getah (semantic loan)

References

  1. ^ J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)

Anagrams

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 圾 (“garbage; rubbish; clod”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 圾).
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 屑 (“bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments; trifling; trivial; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屑).
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 雪 (“snow; to snow; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 雪).
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 霎 (“light rain; drizzle; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 霎).
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 歃).

Kholosi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सर्प (sarpa).

Noun

sap ?

  1. snake

References

  • Eric Anonby, Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014) “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx‎, pages 13-36

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English sæp, from Proto-West Germanic *sap, from Proto-Indo-European *sep-.

Pronunciation

Noun

sap (uncountable)

  1. sap (plant juices)
  2. sapwood (wood under bark)
  3. (rare) earwax

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Polish

Pronunciation

Verb

sap

  1. second-person singular imperative of sapać

Romani

Etymology

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

sap m (plural sapa)

  1. snake
    Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.
    While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.

References

  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sap”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
  • Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 40
  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “sap, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 154

Romanian

Pronunciation

Verb

sap

  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of săpa

Tausug

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay cap.

Noun

sap

  1. seal; stamp

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صاپ (sap, “handle; stalk; hair”), from Proto-Turkic *sạp (“handle”). Cognate with Old Turkic (sap).

Pronunciation

Adjective

sap

  1. (slang) not having a significant other

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

  1. handle
  2. stem, stalk
  3. (slang) penis
  4. (slang) male

Declension

Inflection
Nominative sap
Definite accusative sapı
Singular Plural
Nominative sap saplar
Definite accusative sapı sapları
Dative sapa saplara
Locative sapta saplarda
Ablative saptan saplardan
Genitive sapın sapların

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sappi.

Noun

sap

  1. bile, gall

Declension

Inflection of sap (inflection type 2/kodi)
nominative sing. sap
genitive sing. sapin
partitive sing. sapid
partitive plur. sapid
singular plural
nominative sap sapid
accusative sapin sapid
genitive sapin sapiden
partitive sapid sapid
essive-instructive sapin sapin
translative sapikš sapikš
inessive sapiš sapiš
elative sapišpäi sapišpäi
illative sapihe sapihe
adessive sapil sapil
ablative sapilpäi sapilpäi
allative sapile sapile
abessive sapita sapita
comitative sapinke sapidenke
prolative sapidme sapidme
approximative I sapinno sapidenno
approximative II sapinnoks sapidennoks
egressive sapinnopäi sapidennopäi
terminative I sapihesai sapihesai
terminative II sapilesai sapilesai
terminative III sapissai —
additive I sapihepäi sapihepäi
additive II sapilepäi sapilepäi

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sapiō (“I am wise”).

Pronunciation

Noun

sap

  1. wisdom

Zhuang

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.

Noun

sap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)

  1. cockroach

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

sap (1957–1982 spelling sap)

  1. to wear shoes with the heels stepping down on the back of the shoes
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