From Middle English espien (“to espy”) or Old French espier (“to spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).
sbio (first-person singular present sbiaf, not mutable)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | sbiaf | sbi | sbia | sbiwn | sbiwch | sbiant | sbir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | sbiwn | sbit | sbiai | sbiem | sbiech | sbient | sbid | |
preterite | sbiais | sbiaist | sbiodd | sbiasom | sbiasoch | sbiasant | sbiwyd | |
pluperfect | sbiaswn | sbiasit | sbiasai | sbiasem | sbiasech | sbiasent | sbiasid, sbiesid | |
present subjunctive | sbiwyf | sbiech | sbio | sbiom | sbioch | sbiont | sbier | |
imperative | — | sbia | sbied | sbiwn | sbiwch | sbient | sbier | |
verbal noun | sbio | |||||||
verbal adjectives | sbiedig sbiadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | sbia i, sbiaf i | sbi di | sbith o/e/hi, sbiff e/hi | sbiwn ni | sbiwch chi | sbian nhw |
conditional | sbiwn i, sbiswn i | sbiet ti, sbiset ti | sbiai fo/fe/hi, sbisai fo/fe/hi | sbien ni, sbisen ni | sbiech chi, sbisech chi | sbien nhw, sbisen nhw |
preterite | sbiais i, sbies i | sbiaist ti, sbiest ti | sbiodd o/e/hi | sbion ni | sbioch chi | sbion nhw |
imperative | — | sbia | — | — | sbiwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |