se

se

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Northern Sami.

• Wiktionary's coverage of Northern Sami terms

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ

se (plural ses)

1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

• 'e's, -es, E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es, es-

se

1. cloud

• s'n (used without a following noun)
• syn (obsolete)

From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

• Audio:

  (file)

se

1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.

• van

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se

1. that, as, when

   Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.

   Vëllai im më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

• si
• sa

• 's (unstressed form)

Cognate with German sie.

se

1. she, her (accusative)
2. they, them

• de

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

se

1. water

• Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
• Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

se

1. that, this

   Petra eo se? — What's that?

From Latin sē.

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /sə/
• (Valencia, Alghero) IPA^(key): /se/

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

• -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
• The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

• IPA^(key):

se

1. one (number).

se

1. one.

• ze (Sette Comuni)

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

se

1. (Luserna) they

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	iar
3rd person	er, si, 'z	se

• “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

se

1. one.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

se (reflexive)

1. clitic accusative of sebe:

   oneself

   myself

   yourself

   himself

   herself

   itself

   ourselves

   yourselves

   themselves

   Synonym: (stressed) sebe

se (also s)

1. with

• “se”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “se”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “se”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

From Latin sē.

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -eːˀ

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

1. to see
2. (reciprocal passive) to see each other

reciprocal

sé

1. one

Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. if

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se (plural sewo)

1. law

• si

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.

se

1. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned .

2. Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:

     Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.

     They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

• Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /seː/

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Declension of se
n4	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	se	seið	se	seini
accusative	se	seið	se	seini
dative	se, sei	senum	seum	seunum
genitive	ses	sesins	sea	seanna

se

1. whether, or.

se

1. flower
2. gills

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

• IPA^(key): /ˈse/,
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation^(key): se

se

1. (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)

   Älä koske siihen!

   Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)

   Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?

   That's what you meant by that?

2. (demonstrative) it

   Onko se hän, joka on ovella?

   Is it her who's at the door?

   Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.

   Take a card and put it on the table face down.

   Kukas se sieltä tulee?

   Who's it coming over there?

3. the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)

   Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.

   The one who has the most points is the winner.

   Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.

   who grows up without discipline dies without honor.

4. (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)

   Se vaan lähti.

   He just left.

se

1. that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)

   Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.

   That car has a broken exhaust.

   Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?

   Do you still have some of that ice cream?

2. (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)

• Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
• In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
• Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)

  (standard)

  Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.

  Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.

  (colloquial)

  Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.

  Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.

Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).

• (he or she): hän
• see (rare, dialectal (Southwestern Finnish))

• Kven: se

• Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
• “se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Akin to tseh.

• IPA^(key): /ˈse(ˣ)/,
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation^(key): se

se (dialectal)

1. here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
2. an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)

Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).

• seh

• es

From Latin sī.

se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)

1. if

• se vos plét

• si in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• se in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ə
• Homophone: ce

se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) itself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other
2. (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.

   Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

• Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
• Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:

  Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.

• s’en aller

• The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
• The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

• “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

• es, ès

From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.

se

1. if

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• xe

se

1. accusative/dative of si
2. The third-person reflexive pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) itself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “se”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

se

1. husband

• sei

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

• IPA^(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

se

1. she

   Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).

se

1. they

   Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.

   • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:

     Dao gävven⁵ sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.⁶

     ⁵ gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   ⁶ zu ihnen kamen.

• dative and possessive of se: ehr, eer, er, är, ähr

From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)

• IPA^(key): /sè/

sè

1. to hear, to listen
2. to understand

From French c’est (“it is”).

• IPA^(key): /se/

se

1. to be
2. that is (compare French c'est)
3. it is (compare French c'est)

• Use ye at the end of a clause.
• This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʃɛ

se (clitic)

1. Alternative form of sem.

• se-

• (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
• ( alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

• IPA^(key): /se/, /sɛ/

From Esperanto se.

se

1. if

   La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.

   Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

From s +‎ -e.

se (plural se-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

• see (dialectal)

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈse/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈse/,
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: se
• Homophone: že

se

1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:

     Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.

     They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.

     People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.

2. (dialectal) that (distal)
   • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking own way]”, in Inkeri‎, volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:

     Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.

     This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.

se

1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:

     Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.

     A small income was received from this field.

2. (dialectal) that (distal)

• Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
• Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
• In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.

Declension of se
	singular	plural
nominative	se	neet
genitive	senen	niijen
accusative	sen	neet
partitive	sitä	niitä
illative	siihe	niihe
inessive	siin	niis
elative	siint, siitä	niist
allative	sille	niille
adessive	sil	niil
ablative	silt	niilt
translative	siks	niiks
essive	senennä	niinnä

Ingrian demonstratives
	proximal	neutral	distal
singular	tämä (tää)	se	too
plural	nämät (näät)	neet	noo

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, pages 13-14

se (third person)

1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

   Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.

2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.

   Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?

3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

   De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

• (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.

  infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

  repentir se — “to repent”

From Latin sī.

se

1. if
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere

     Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys

From Latin sī (“if”)^[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").^[2]

• IPA^(key): /se/^**
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. if

   Se non è vero, è ben trovato.

   If it is not true, it is a good story.

2. whether
3. if only

• se non
• se non che

From Latin sē.

• IPA^(key): /se/^°
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. Alternative form of si

• Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

From Latin sīc.

• IPA^(key): /se/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. (archaic) Alternative form of così

se

1. (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if

   se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)

• Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.

• se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Derived from English say.

• IPA^(key): /se/

se

1. to say, to tell
   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:

     Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?

     But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

se

1. (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:

     Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.

     But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.

     (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea  )”)

• se at majstro.com

se

1. The hiragana syllable せ (se) or the katakana syllable セ (se) in Hepburn romanization.

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

se

1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

• áya

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʲe/
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

se

1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

• IPA^(key): /ˈse/

se

1. this, that

se

1. this, that
2. he, she, it

Declension of se singular plural nominative se net genitive sen niitten, niinen partitive sitä niitä illative siihen niihin inessive siinä niissä elative siitä, siittä niistä allative sille, sillet niile, niilet adessive sillä niilä ablative siltä niiltä translative sinä niinä essive siksi niiksi

• (he, she): hän

• Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278

From Latin sē.

se

1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
2. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

• IPA^(key): /se/,

se

1. to know
2. to be able to

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /seː/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /se/,

sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)

1. (reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.

   Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)

   In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.

2. (reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun

• sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.

• inter sē
• per sē
• sēcum

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

• IPA^(key): /se/

se

1. if

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

se

1. that
2. he

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

• IPA^(key):

se

1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
2. each other, one another
3. used to form passives

• se wě

• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

• IPA^(key): /zə/

se

1. unstressed form of si

See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.

Malay cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : se

• esa
• ĕsă
• sĕ (sĕ-)
• sa (sa-)
• să (să-)
• اسا
• س (س-)

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -sə, -ə

se (Jawi spelling س)

1. one

• satu / ساتو
• tunggal / توڠݢل
• eka (eka-) / ايک (ايک-)
• ahad / احد

• se- / س-

Root
s-j-r (going)
2 terms

• ser

Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se

1. Indicates a future tense.

se

1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

se

1. accusative of si (“they”)

• IPA^(key): /sɛː/, /seː/

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

se

1. so

se

1. Alternative form of see (“sea”)

se

1. Alternative form of see (“see”)

se

1. Alternative form of sche

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

se

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
   1. himself
   2. herself
   3. oneself
   4. itself
   5. themselves
   6. each other
2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
   1. to himself
   2. to herself
   3. to oneself
   4. to itself
   5. to themselves
   6. to each other

      ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

• Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
• Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

• French: se

• su, sia

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /seː/

sê

1. (third person singular female nominative) she
2. her (accusative of sê)
3. (third person plural nominative) they
4. them (accusative of sê)

See Template:gml-perpron for declension.

• Dutch Low Saxon: zee
• German Low German: se
• Plautdietsch: see

From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).

se

1. to drink

• S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
• R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

From Latin sē.

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -e

se

1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

• IPA^(key):

• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -e

se

1. (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)

   Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.

   I am scared because I am fat.

   Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.

   He wants to stay with me.

   Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

   My mother enters the new house.

• As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

Nheengatu personal pronouns

singular	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	ixé	se
second-person	indé	ne
third-person	aé	i
plural	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	yandé	yané
second-person	penhẽ	pe
third-person	aintá (or tá)	aintá (or tá)

• AVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
• NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108

• sä (Föhr-Amrum)
• siinj (Mooring)

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

• (Sylt) IPA^(key):

se

1. (Sylt) to see

An early loan from Middle Persian (sg /⁠sag⁠/), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Akin to native sipe.

Central Kurdish	سەگ (seg)

se m

1. dog

• kûçik

From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

• IPA^(key): /seː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː
• Hyphenation: se
• Homophones: C, c

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

• anse
• etterse
• forutse
• innse
• overse
• påse
• seer
• usett
• utseende

• “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• þē — late nom. masc. sg. form
• þē — Mercian
• sæ, ðē, ðæ — Northumbrian

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

• IPA^(key): /seː/

sē

1. the

   sē mōna ― the moon

   sēo sunne ― the sun

   þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades

   þā steorran ― the stars

sē

1. that

   Sele mē þone hamor.

   Give me that hammer.

sē

1. that

   Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.

   He went home, and after that I never saw him again.

2. the one / that one

   Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.

   She's not the one you need to convince.

   Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?

   Are you reading this book right now or that one?

   Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?

   Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?

3. (relative) that, who, what, which
   • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History

     Đa was on þā tīd Æðelbyrht cyning hāten on Centrīċe, ⁊ mihtiġ: hē hæfde rīċe ōð ġemæro Humbre strēames, sē tōsċēadeð sūðfolce Angelþēode ⁊ nordfolc.

     At that time the powerful Athelbert was king of the kingdom of Kent; his authority extended to the boundary of the Humber, which divides the southern English from the northern English.

   Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.

   Not everything that glitters is gold.

• The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
  • Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
  • All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
  • A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
  • "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
  • A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
  • Dryhten (“the Lord”).
  • morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
  • The four seasons, lencten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
  • forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
  • forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
  • þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
  • Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

• Middle English: se, ze, sæ

From Latin sē.

• sei
• soi

se m or f (invariable)

1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)

• French: se

From Latin si.

se

1. if
2. then (afterwards; following)

• French: si

se

1. she
2. they

• IPA^(key):

se

1. Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /sɛ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /sɛ/

se

1. Alternative form of z

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

• IPA^(key): /sɛː/

sē m (demonstrative)

1. definite article: the

   sē māno ― the moon

2. demonstrative adjective: that, those

   Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

se

1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
2. second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
3. third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
4. third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara

se

1. one.

Compare German sie.

• IPA^(key): /sə/

se

1. she, her

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /se/

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

1. the
2. that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /se/

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

1. the
2. those (agr: rem)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /se/

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

1. it
2. she (rem fem nom)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /se/

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

1. they (rem nom)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

se

1. I

   se-take ― I want

• 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sē     Ordinal : achtu     Adverbial : seujti     Distributive : sejsē ika

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈseː/

sē

1. one

   Nikneki semaya se

   I want only one

sē

1. a, indefinite article

   Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit

   We saw an owl in the trees

sē

1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun

   Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati

   Someone came who said she/he knows you

   Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal

   One of you has to go to buy the food

   Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal

   My mom gave me something for you all

Contraction of sobie.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: se

se

1. (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.

   Synonym: sobie

   Daj se z tym spokój.

   Give it a break.

• se in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
• Hyphenation: se

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.

se m or f by sense

2. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves

   Ela se viu no espelho.

   She saw herself in the mirror.

4. (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself

   Synonym: (standard) me

   Eu se apresentei no teatro.

   I performed myself at the theater.

6. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

   Quando eles se conheceram?

   When did they meet (each other)?

8. (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil, Alentejo) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

   Synonym: (standard) nos

   Nós se beijámos.

   We kissed (each other).

10. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves

    E você se diz um professor!

    And you call yourself a teacher!

12. impersonal pronominal verb; oneself

    Vive-se bem em Belém.

    One lives well in Belém.

    (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)

14. accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.

    "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."

    Kings go, but nations remain.

16. particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.

    Ele morreu-se.

    He died.

• When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
• (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.

  comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)

  arrepender-se ― to repent

• Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:

  O professor acalmou os alunos.

  The teacher calmed the students down.

  O professor acalmou-se.

  The teacher calmed down.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

• si (obsolete)

se

2. if (introduces a condition)

   Synonym: caso

   Antonyms: caso contrário, senão

   Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.

   If you go out, take an umbrella.

   Só começaremos se nos pagarem.

   We will only begin if they pay us.

   • 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:

     Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:

     Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!

     I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

se

1. (Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of cê; "you"

   Synonym: c

   se sabe oq aconteceu??

   do u know what happened?

• s' (Apocopic)

se

1. if

From Latin sē.

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

• sine

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

se

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

From Proto-Bantu *cé.

sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

1. his/her father
2. his/her paternal uncle

se

1. a (singular indefinite article)

• le

• IPA^(key): /se/

From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. ourselves
   3. thyself (archaic)
   4. yourself, yourselves
   5. himself, herself, itself
   6. themselves
2. (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself

   Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)

   Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)

   Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)

   Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. (obsolete) this is; here is
   • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь

     Here lies Viganj Milošević

• sì
• se', sè (non-orthographic)

From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛ/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /si/ (unstressed)
• Hyphenation: sè

se

1. yes

   Antonyms: no, noni, nonzi, ntz

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se

1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves
3. Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.

Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms
nominative imenovȃlnik	–	–	–
genitive rodȋlnik	sébe	sébe	sébe
dative dajȃlnik	sébi	sébi	sébi
accusative tožȋlnik	sébe	sébe	sébe
locative mẹ̑stnik	sébi	sébi	sébi
instrumental orọ̑dnik	sȃbo, sebọ́j	sȃbo, sebọ́j	sȃbo, sebọ́j
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	–	–	–

Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
	singular	dual	plural
genitive rodȋlnik	se	se	se
dative dajȃlnik	si	si	si
accusative tožȋlnik	se	se	se

Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
	singular	dual	plural
unstressed	-se	-se	-se
stressed	sẹ̑	sẹ̑	sẹ̑

• jaz
• ti
• on
• ona
• ono

• “se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “se”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

• IPA^(key): /se/

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: se
• Homophones: sé, (Latin America) ce

From Latin sē.

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another

   Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.

   Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)

   Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.

2. used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes

   ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)

   Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)

   Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)

• (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

• ge (archaic)

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las

   El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.

See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.

se (main verb saber)

1. Misspelling of sé.

• “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

se

1. sea

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.

• IPA^(key): /seː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: C, c
• Rhymes: -eː

se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)

1. to see (not be blind)

   Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se

   He said he was blind, but he can see

2. to look

   Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra, glo

   Han såg på igelkotten

   He looked at the hedgehog

   • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie‎:

     Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!

     Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!

   • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult‎:

     Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.

     What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.

4. to see; to understand

   Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa

   Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt. ― I don't see how that could be possible.

5. to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of

"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.

• förnimma

• avse
• bortse
• frånse
• inse
• se an / se något an
• se efter
• se i syne
• se på
• se ut
• se till
• tillse
• återse
• överse

• höra
• lukta
• smaka
• känna

• syn
• sikt

• se in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• se in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• se in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• -es

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈse/
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: se

See ce.

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

1. Alternative form of ce

See che.

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

1. Alternative form of che

• es

Cognate with Persian سه (seh).

se

1. three

se (impersonal, reflexive)

1. it
2. one

• IPA^(key):

se (Jawi سي)

1. human oblique preposition
   1. to
   2. at, in
   3. on
   4. from

Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.

• si

• IPA^(key):

se (Jawi سي)

1. associative preposition: with

   ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling

2. instrumental preposition: with, by, using

   tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)

Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.

• si

• IPA^(key):

se (Jawi سي)

1. and

   tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father

2. forms compound numbers

   bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

se m

1. son

• ckācar
• pācar
• mācar
• pracar
• ṣar

se

1. Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)

se

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

se

1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث

se (indefinite article)

1. a, an

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

se

1. it

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

se

1. that (far)

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

• -se

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key): ~
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): ~

se

1. to be almost dry
2. to be wrung with pain

• “se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.

se

1. out of

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈse/,
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: se

se

1. Alternative form of see

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

se (not mutable)

1. Contraction of basai.

se

1. Alternative form of sy (“she”)

se

1. Alternative form of sy (“they”)

• IPA^(key):

Wutunhua numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Cardinal: se     Ordinal: di-se, xxewa

From Mandarin 四 (sì).

se

1. four

From Mandarin 死 (sǐ).

se

1. to die

   rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.

   As for this thing called ro-langs , it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.

   (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 114)

• Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
• Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si

• hè (Ìkálẹ̀)

• IPA^(key): /sè/

sè

1. (transitive) to cook

   Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.

2. (transitive) to boil

   Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.

• When to cook is intransitive use dáná.
• (to boil): When referring to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when referring to water use hó.

• IPA^(key): /sé/

sé

1. (transitive) to block; to shut

   Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.

2. (transitive) to miss

   Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.

• IPA^(key):

From Turkish -se (“if”).

se

1. if

• benose

From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).

se

1. what
2. how

se

1. Alternative form of sed