sen

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From a syncopation of Middle English selven, selfen, variants of selfe, self. More at self.

Noun

sen

1. (Yorkshire, East Midlands) Self.

   "Hear all, see all, say nowt. Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt. An if ivver tha does owt fer nowt, mek sure tha does it fer thi sen."

Derived terms

• mi sen, mysen
• thee sen, thysen
• yoursen, yersen

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 銭(せん) (sen).

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Japanese currency, worth one hundredth of a yen.
2. A coin of this value.
   • 2013, Charles F. C. Ladd, Jr., Around the World at Seventeen, page 70:

     Before leaving the Kyndam I had bought in exchange what I thought to be enough yens and sens to see me through.

Etymology 3

From Indonesian sen, from Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”). See further etymology at cent.

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Indonesian currency, worth one hundredth of a rupiah.

Etymology 4

From Malay sen, from English cent. See further etymology at cent.

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Malaysian currency, worth one hundredth of a ringgit.
2. A coin of this value.

Etymology 5

From Thai เส้น (sên).

Noun

sen (uncountable)

1. A unit of length equal 20 wa, 40 meters.

Anagrams

• ENS, ESN, Ens., NES, SNe, ens

Abenaki

Noun

sen (inanimate, plural senal)

1. stone, rock

   senika

   there are a lot of rocks

Basque

Noun

sen ?

1. mind

See also

• adimen
• buru
• gogo

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”), compare Turkish sen (“you”).

Pronoun

sen (plural siz, possessive adjective seniñ)

1. you

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: sen
• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech sen, from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.

Noun

sen m inan

1. dream

   Měl jsem o tobě sen. ― I had a dream about you.

   To by mě ani ve snu nenapadlo. ― I wouldn't even dream of that.

   Bylo to jako ze sna. ― It was totally out of a dream.

   Polovinu času tráví ve snách. ― He lives in a dream half the time.

Declension

The form sna is usually only used after the preposition ze (ze sna) and the form snách is usually only used after the preposition ve (ve snách).

Related terms

See also

• vidina f

Further reading

• sen in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• sen in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• sen in Internetová jazyková příručka

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sen

1. genitive plural of seno (“hay”)

Anagrams

• nes

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn (“late”), from Proto-Germanic *sainaz, *sainijaz, cognate with Old English sǣne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Adjective

sen (neuter sent, plural and definite singular attributive sene)

1. late (proximate in time)
2. belated, tardy
3. slow

Inflection

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin sine. Compare Spanish sin, Italian senza.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: sen

Preposition

sen

1. without

Derived terms

• sen- (“without, -less”)

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sem, itself probably from Old Occitan sen (“judgement”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsen/

Noun

sen f (plural senis)

1. (anatomy) temple

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsen/,
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification^(key): sen

Pronoun

sen

1. genitive/accusative singular of se

   Elokuva oli muuten hyvä, mutta sen loppu oli hämäävä.

   The film was otherwise good, but its ending was confusing.

   Voisitko tehdä sen?

   Could you do it, please?

   Mitä enemmän, sen parempi.

   The more the better.

   Sen parempaa ei olekaan.

   There is nothing better than it.

Further reading

• “sen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-12-01

Friulian

Etymology 1

From Latin sinus.

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (anatomy) bosom, breast

See also

• pet

Etymology 2

Noun

sen f

1. want, need, desire

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese sen, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Preposition

sen

1. without

   Antonym: en

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese sem; either from a substrate language, or more likely from Old Occitan sen (“judgement”) and ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sinn (“sense, mind”) (cf. Vulgar Latin *sennus).

Alternative forms

• ce, cen, ene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (archaic) judgement
2. (anatomy) temple

   Synonyms: tempa, vidalla

Etymology 3

Unknown.

Alternative forms

• asén

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (usually in the plural) fly maggots and eggs deposited in meat or food

   Synonyms: careixa, sese, vareixa

References

• “sem” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “sem” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “sen” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “sen” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “sen” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto sen, French sans, Italian senza, Spanish sin, ultimately from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Preposition

sen

1. without (not having)

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

sen

Wikipedia ^id

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: sèn

Etymology 1

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Noun

sèn (first-person possessive senku, second-person possessive senmu, third-person possessive sennya)

1. cent

Derived terms

Descendants

• → Min Nan: 占, 仙.

Etymology 2

Noun

sèn (first-person possessive senku, second-person possessive senmu, third-person possessive sennya)

1. Nonstandard form of sein.

Further reading

• “sen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *se-. Compare Finnish mitä ... sen.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/,
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Adverb

sen

1. (+ min) Establishes a correlation between multiple comparatives in a sentence; ..., the ...

   Min enemmän siä sööt, sen suuremp siä oot. ― The more you eat, the bigger you are.

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     Min alemmaal ono päivyt maan päält, sen pitemp on kupahain, a min hää ono ylempään, sen lyhemp ono kupahain.

     The lower the sun is along the earth, the longer is the shadow, and the higher it is, the shorter is the shadow.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/,
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Pronoun

sen

1. accusative singular of se
2. (nonstandard) genitive singular of se

Determiner

sen

1. accusative singular of se
2. (nonstandard) genitive singular of se

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Contraction

sen

1. (literary, archaic) Contraction of se ne.

Usage notes

• This contraction can be used only before verbs beginning with any consonant except for an impure s.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Contraction

sen

1. Contraction of seno.

References

Japanese

Romanization

sen

1. Rōmaji transcription of せん

Jingpho

Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese သိန်း (sin:).

Noun

sen

1. hundred thousand

References

• Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎, volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese cem.

Numeral

sen

1. hundred (100)

Karaim

Alternative forms

• sien

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen.

Pronoun

sen

1. you, thou

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sen”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Lashi

Etymology

Borrowed from a Southeastern Asian language. Compare Burmese သိန်း (sin:) and Thai แสน (sɛ̌ɛn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Numeral

sen

1. hundred thousand (100,000)

Usage notes

• When used as a quantifier, sen should be preceded by da (“one”).

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latvian

Adverb

sen

1. long ago, for a long time; adverbial form of sens

   tas noticis sen ― it happened long ago

   viņš jau sen dzīvo Rīgā ― he has lived in Riga for a long time

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French cent (“hundred”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Numeral

sen

1. hundred

Malay

Alternative forms

• سين

Etymology

From English cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/
• Hyphenation: sèn

Noun

sen (Jawi spelling سين, plural sen-sen, informal 1st possessive senku, 2nd possessive senmu, 3rd possessive sennya)

1. cent

Further reading

• “sen” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mandarin

Romanization

sen

1. Nonstandard spelling of sēn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sěn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Nga La

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shan, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(y)a-n ~ tsa-n.

Adjective

sen

1. red

References

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• sein

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn.

Adjective

sen (neuter singular sent, definite singular and plural sene, comparative senere, indefinite superlative senest, definite superlative seneste)

1. late

Derived terms

• sensommer

References

• “sen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “sen” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sin, sina, from Proto-Germanic *senawō, from Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”).

Alternative forms

• sene

Noun

sen f (definite singular sena, indefinite plural sener, definite plural senene)

1. sinew, tendon

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

Noun

sen m (plural senen)

1. a Japanese sen

References

• “sen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Old Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈsɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈsɛn/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Noun

sen m inan

1. dream

Declension

Descendants

• Czech: sen

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sь.

Pronoun

sen

1. (archaic) this (nearby)

   Synonym: ten

   sen svět ― this world

Usage notes

• This word was already archaic as some of its forms aren't attested.

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “sen”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old French

Noun

sen oblique singular, m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. Alternative form of sens

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *senos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sénos.

Adjective

sen (comparative siniu, superlative sinem)

1. old
2. ancient
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 9^a22 (Wikisource link)

     Cía for·comam-ni ríagoil sen-Gréc hi scríbunt in dá caractar isnaib ɔsonaib ucut, ro·cruthaigsemmar camaiph immurgu óen charactar – ·f· tar hési ·p· co tinfeth – i n‑epertaib Latinṅdaib.

     Although we preserve the rule of the ancient Greeks in writing the two charac­ters in those conso­nants, we have, however, formed one character – f instead of p with lenition – in Latin words.

Usage notes

When used attributively, sen may precede the noun it modifies, in which case it is uninflected and triggers lenition on the noun.

Inflection

Descendants

• Middle Irish: sen
  • Irish: sean
  • Manx: shenn
  • Scottish Gaelic: sean

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sennus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sinn.

Noun

sen m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. direction; orientation
2. sense; ability to reason

Descendants

• Occitan: sen

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sinnō-”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 71

Old Swedish

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural present subjunctive of vara

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

sen

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ. Doublet of hipnoza and Hypnos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: sen

Noun

sen m inan

1. dream
2. sleep

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• sen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sen in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural or formal singular present indicative of si

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sen.

Noun

sen m (plural seni)

1. sen (Japanese currency)

Declension

Romansch

Alternative forms

• si (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
• se (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• sü (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

sen

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn/

Noun

sen m inan (genitive singular sna, nominative plural sny, genitive plural snov, declension pattern of dub)

1. dream

Declension

Derived terms

• snový
• sník, sníček

Further reading

• “sen”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

Etymology 1

Noun

sen m (plural senes)

1. senna

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

Noun

sen m

1. sen (hundredth of a yen)

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of seno (“sine”).

Symbol

sen

1. (mathematics) a symbol of the trigonometric function sine

Further reading

• “sen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse seinn (“late”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːn/

Adjective

sen (comparative senare, superlative senast)

1. late

   en sen kväll

   a late evening

   Jag är redan sen till ett möte

   I’m already late for a meeting

Declension

Antonyms

• tidig

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Syncopic form of sedan, from Old Swedish siþan, from Old Norse síðan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophone: zen

Adverb

sen (not comparable)

1. (somewhat colloquial) Alternative form of sedan

   Först gjorde vi si, och sen gjorde vi så

   First we did like this, and then we did like that

References

• sen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ens, sne

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English chain.

Noun

sen

1. chain

Etymology 2

From English cent.

Noun

sen

1. cent

Descendants

• → Rotokas: sieri

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سن (sen, “thou”), from Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”). Cognate to siz (“you”) derived from the same root. Compare Old Turkic 𐰾𐰤 (sen, “you”), Karakhanid سَنْ (sen, “you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/,

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

sen

1. you (singular, informal), thou

Usage notes

• It is one of the two words that have irregular dative case declension. (The other words are ben and biz also have irregular genitive case declension.)

Declension

Related terms

• siz
• -sin

See also

Turkmen

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”).

Pronoun

sen

1. (personal) you (singular, informal)

Declension

See also

Uyghur

Noun

sen

1. Latin (ULY) transcription of سەن (sen)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key): ~
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): ~

Etymology 1

From Old Chinese 蓮 (OC *k.ˤe) (B-S) (SV: liên).

Compare the village name Kim Liên 金蓮 (MC kim len), whose demotic name (tên Nôm) is Sen.

Noun

(classifier cây, bông, hoa) sen • (𬞮)

1. lotus

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Possibly from French jeune servante (“young maidservant”). Attested since 19th century.

Noun

(classifier con) sen

1. a maidservant
   • 1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, Cơm Thầy Cơm Cô (Master's Food, Mistress's Food), Ch 4. "Cuốn Tiểu Thuyết của Con Sen Đũi (The Novella of Đũi the Maidservant)"

     Trong khi ngồi trước đèn để thuật lại câu chuyện này, tôi cũng muốn cho mơ màng để cái cuộc giãi bày tâm sự của con sen có được một chút thi vị

     While sitting before the lamp to recount this story, I also want to make it dreamy so that the maidservant's pouring her heart out shall have a little bit of poetic beauty.

   Synonym: Ô-sin; người giúp việc; người ở

Etymology 3

From Etymology 2, with owners of cats and dogs perceived humorously as servants to their pets.

Noun

(classifier con) sen

1. (slang, humorous) Owner of cat or dog.

References

Welsh

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛn

Verb

sen (not mutable)

1. Contraction of basen.