sequor

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Latin

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *sekʷōr, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognates include Sanskrit सचते (sácate), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (hacaitē) and Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

sequor (present infinitive sequī, perfect active secūtus sum or sequūtus sum); third conjugation, deponent

  1. (with accusative) to follow, to come or go after, to pursue
    Synonyms: persequor, cōnsequor, īnsequor, īnsector, continuō, excipiō, exsequor, agō, premō, īnstō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 3.188:
      Cēdāmus Phoebō et monitī meliōra sequāmur.
      Let us yield to Phoebus, and having been warned follow better things.
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 7.20:
      Video meliora proboque, deteriora sequor.
      I see, and I desire the better: I follow the worse.
    • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder:
      Rem tene, verba sequentur.
      Grasp the subject, the words will follow.
  2. to accede or conform to, follow, comply with
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.537–538:
      “Īliacās igitur classēs atque ultima Teucrum / iussa sequar? .”
      Dido asks herself: “Should I then follow the Ilian ships and the utmost Teucrian orders?”
      (The dual meaning for “sequar” exemplifies zeugma. People from Ilium, descendants of King Teucer = The Trojans.)
  3. to attend, accompany
    Synonyms: comitō, exsequor, cōnsequor
  4. to succeed (i.e., follow in position)
    Synonyms: subeō, succēdō, excipiō
  5. (logic, third person) to follow, ensue

Usage notes

The verb dūcere is used for "to be followed," effectively giving dūcere two passives, this verb being one of them.

In later Latin, an active voice was invented for "to follow," leading to the passive forms being relegated to "to be followed."

Conjugation

   Conjugation of sequor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sequor sequeris,
sequere 		sequitur sequimur sequiminī sequuntur
imperfect sequēbar sequēbāris,
sequēbāre 		sequēbātur sequēbāmur sequēbāminī sequēbantur
future sequar sequēris,
sequēre 		sequētur sequēmur sequēminī sequentur
perfect secūtus or sequūtus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect secūtus or sequūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect secūtus or sequūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sequar sequāris,
sequāre 		sequātur sequāmur sequāminī sequantur
imperfect sequerer sequerēris,
sequerēre 		sequerētur sequerēmur sequerēminī sequerentur
perfect secūtus or sequūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect secūtus or sequūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — sequere — — sequiminī —
future — sequitor sequitor — — sequuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present sequī — sequēns —
future secūtūrum esse,
sequūtūrum esse 		— secūtūrus,
sequūtūrus 		sequendus
perfect secūtum esse,
sequūtum esse 		— secūtus,
sequūtus 		—
future perfect secūtum fore,
sequūtum fore 		— — —
perfect potential secūtūrum fuisse,
sequūtūrum fuisse 		— — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sequendī sequendō sequendum sequendō secūtum,
sequūtum 		secūtū,
sequūtū

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sequor, sequī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 555-6

Further reading

  • “sequor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “sequor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sequor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to follow in any one's steps: vestigia alicuius sequi, persequi or vestigiis aliquem sequi, persequi
    • to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with..: gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi, more strongly aucupari
    • to be a lover of ease, leisure: otium sequi, amplexari
    • to adopt some one's opinion: ad alicuius sententiam accedere, sententiam alicuius sequi
    • to try to conjecture probabilities: probabilia coniectura sequi
    • my intention is..: id sequor, ut
    • to be guided by another's example: auctoritatem alicuius sequi
    • to be a follower, disciple of some one: sectam alicuius sequi (Brut. 31. 120)
    • it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
    • to hold by the letter (of the law): verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit)
    • to strive to attain virtue: virtutem sequi, virtutis studiosum esse
    • to follow fixed principles of conduct: certas rationes in agendo sequi
    • to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partes (causam) or simply aliquem sequi
    • to be neutral: neutram partem sequi
    • to follow the standards: signa sequi (opp. a signis discedere, signa relinquere)
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