ser
ser (plural sers)
From sir.
ser (plural sers)
From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
ser
ser m (plural seres)
ser
Perhaps borrowed from Aragonese or Spanish ser. Doublet of ésser.
ser (first-person singular present soc, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle estat or sigut); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/
infinitive | ser | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sent, essent | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estat, sigut | estada, siguda | |||||
plural | estats, siguts | estades, sigudes | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | soc | ets | és | som | sou | són | |
imperfect | era | eres | era | érem | éreu | eren | |
future | seré | seràs | serà | serem | sereu | seran | |
preterite | fui | fores | fou | fórem | fóreu | foren | |
conditional | seria, fora | series, fores | seria, fora | seríem, fórem | seríeu, fóreu | serien, foren | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | sigui | siguis | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | |
imperfect | fos | fossis | fos | fóssim | fóssiu | fossin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | sigues | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | |
negative (no) | — | no siguis | no sigui | no siguem | no sigueu | no siguin |
Nominalization of Etymology 1.
ser m (plural sers)
From clipping of English server.
ser
From clipping of English search.
ser
ser
ser
From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms son (“I am”) and sodes pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʃ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in sexa < sedeat).
ser (first-person singular present son, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle sido)
ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fum or fui, past participle sido, reintegrationist norm)
Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ser | |||||
Personal | ser | seres | ser | sermos | serdes | seren |
Gerund | ||||||
sendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sido | sidos | ||||
Feminine | sida | sidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | son | es | é | somos | sodes | son |
Imperfect | era | eras | era | eramos | erades | eran |
Preterite | fun | fuches | foi | fomos | fostes | foron |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | foramos | forades | foran |
Future | serei | serás | será | seremos | seredes | serán |
Conditional | sería | serías | sería | seriamos | seriades | serían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | sexa | sexas | sexa | sexamos | sexades | sexan |
Imperfect | fose | foses | fose | fósemos | fósedes | fosen |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | foren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | sé | sexa | sexamos | sede | sexan | |
Negative (non) | non sexas | non sexa | non sexamos | non sexades | non sexan |
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti / tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ser | |||||
Personal | ser | seres | ser | sermos | serdes | serem |
Gerund | ||||||
sendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sido | — | ||||
Feminine | — | — | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | sou | és | é | somos | sodes, sois | som, são |
Imperfect | era | eras | era | éramos | érades, éreis, érais1 | eram |
Preterite | fum, fui | foste, foche1 | foi | fomos | fostes | fôrom, foram |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | fôramos | fôrades, fôreis, fôrais1 | foram |
Future | serei | serás | será | seremos | seredes, sereis | serám, serão |
Conditional | seria | serias | seria | seríamos | seríades, seríeis, seríais1 | seriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | seja | sejas | seja | sejamos | sejades, sejais | sejam |
Imperfect | fosse | fosses | fosse | fôssemos | fôssedes, fôsseis | fossem |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | forem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | sê | seja | sejamos | sede | sejam | |
Negative (nom) | nom sejas | nom seja | nom sejamos | nom sejades, nom sejais | nom sejam |
1Less recommended.
ser m (plural seres)
ser (countable and uncountable, plural serek)
An archaic and dialectal variant of sör, but today it can also be humorous in informal conversations. In compound words and derivations, almost only sör is used.
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ser | serek |
accusative | sert | sereket |
dative | sernek | sereknek |
instrumental | serrel | serekkel |
causal-final | serért | serekért |
translative | serré | serekké |
terminative | serig | serekig |
essive-formal | serként | serekként |
essive-modal | serül | — |
inessive | serben | serekben |
superessive | seren | sereken |
adessive | sernél | sereknél |
illative | serbe | serekbe |
sublative | serre | serekre |
allative | serhez | serekhez |
elative | serből | serekből |
delative | serről | serekről |
ablative | sertől | serektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
seré | sereké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
seréi | serekéi |
Possessive forms of ser | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | serem | sereim |
2nd person sing. | sered | sereid |
3rd person sing. | sere | serei |
1st person plural | serünk | sereink |
2nd person plural | seretek | sereitek |
3rd person plural | serük | sereik |
ser m
ser (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סיר)
From Proto-Loloish *swa² (Bradley), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese သွား (swa:), Japhug tɯɕɣa, Tibetan སོ (so), Drung sa, Tedim Chin ha:², Jingpho wa.
ser
ser
ser
ser
ser
ser
ser
From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
ser
infinitive | ser | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sendo | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | sido | sidos | |||||
feminine | sida | sidas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | you | tu | el | nós | bós | eilhes | |
present | sou | sós | yê | somos | sodes | son | |
imperfect | era | eras | era | éramos | érades | éran | |
preterite | fui | fuste | fui | fumos | fustes | fúrun | |
pluperfect | fura | furas | fura | fúramos | fúrades | fúran | |
future | serei | serás | será | seremos | sereis | seran | |
conditional | serie | series | serie | seriemos | seriedes | serien | |
subjunctive | you | tu | el | nós | bós | eilhes | |
present | seia | seias | seia | séiamos | séiades | séian | |
preterite | fusse | fusses | fusse | fússemos | fússedes | fússen | |
future | fur | fures | fur | furmos | furdes | fúren | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | bós | — | |
affirmative | — | sei | — | — | sede | — | |
negative | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
personal infinitive | you | tu | el | nós | bós | eilhes | |
ser | seres | ser | sermos | serdes | séren |
ser m (plural seres)
From Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has (“head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, derived from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”).
ser m (Arabic spelling سەر)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ser (Arabic spelling سەر)
ser
ser
ser
ser
Inherited from Old Polish syr, from Proto-Slavic *syrъ. Doublet of żur.
ser m inan (diminutive serek, related adjective serowy or (obsolete) serny)
From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms sou (“I am”) and sois pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʒ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in seja < sedeat).
ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)
Portuguese has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: generally ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state.
Contrast the following:
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ser | |||||
Personal | ser | seres | ser | sermos | serdes | serem |
Gerund | ||||||
sendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sido | — | ||||
Feminine | — | — | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | sou | és | é | somos | sois | são |
Imperfect | era | eras | era | éramos | éreis | eram |
Preterite | fui | foste | foi | fomos | fostes | foram |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | fôramos | fôreis | foram |
Future | serei | serás | será | seremos | sereis | serão |
Conditional | seria | serias | seria | seríamos | seríeis | seriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | seja | sejas | seja | sejamos | sejais | sejam |
Imperfect | fosse | fosses | fosse | fôssemos | fôsseis | fossem |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | forem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | sê | seja | sejamos | sede | sejam | |
Negative (não) | não sejas | não seja | não sejamos | não sejais | não sejam |
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.
ser m (plural seres)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.
Borrowed from Latin serum, French sérum. Cf. also zer.
ser n (plural seruri)
ser (Sursilvan)
From Proto-Slavic *śěrъ.
sẹ̑r (comparative bȍlj sẹ̑r, superlative nȁjbolj sẹ̑r)
sȇr m anim
From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The form sois pl (“you are”) derives from a Vulgar Latin *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Spanish seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”).
ser (first-person singular present soy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)
However, when stating the location of an object (but not an event), estar is used whether the location is permanent or not:
infinitive | ser | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | siendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sido | sida | |||||
plural | sidos | sidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | soy | erestú sosvos |
es | somos | sois | son | |
imperfect | era | eras | era | éramos | erais | eran | |
preterite | fui | fuiste | fue | fuimos | fuisteis | fueron | |
future | seré | serás | será | seremos | seréis | serán | |
conditional | sería | serías | sería | seríamos | seríais | serían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sea | seastú seásvos2 |
sea | seamos | seáis | sean | |
imperfect (ra) |
fuera | fueras | fuera | fuéramos | fuerais | fueran | |
imperfect (se) |
fuese | fueses | fuese | fuésemos | fueseis | fuesen | |
future1 | fuere | fueres | fuere | fuéremos | fuereis | fueren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | sé | sea | seamos | sed | sean | ||
negative | no seas | no sea | no seamos | no seáis | no sean |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ser | |||||||
dative | serme | serte | serle, serse | sernos | seros | serles, serse | |
accusative | serme | serte | serlo, serla, serse | sernos | seros | serlos, serlas, serse | |
with gerund siendo | |||||||
dative | siéndome | siéndote | siéndole, siéndose | siéndonos | siéndoos | siéndoles, siéndose | |
accusative | siéndome | siéndote | siéndolo, siéndola, siéndose | siéndonos | siéndoos | siéndolos, siéndolas, siéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú/vos imperative sé | |||||||
dative | seme | sete | sele | senos | not used | seles | |
accusative | seme | sete | selo, sela | senos | not used | selos, selas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative sea | |||||||
dative | séame | not used | séale, séase | séanos | not used | séales | |
accusative | séame | not used | séalo, séala, séase | séanos | not used | séalos, séalas | |
with first-person plural imperative seamos | |||||||
dative | not used | seámoste | seámosle | seámonos | seámoos | seámosles | |
accusative | not used | seámoste | seámoslo, seámosla | seámonos | seámoos | seámoslos, seámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sed | |||||||
dative | sedme | not used | sedle | sednos | seos | sedles | |
accusative | sedme | not used | sedlo, sedla | sednos | seos | sedlos, sedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative sean | |||||||
dative | séanme | not used | séanle | séannos | not used | séanles, séanse | |
accusative | séanme | not used | séanlo, séanla | séannos | not used | séanlos, séanlas, séanse |
ser m (plural seres)
ser
ser (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔)
ser (definite accusative seri, plural serler)
ser
ser
From Old Welsh serr, Proto-Celtic *serrā. Cf. Middle Irish serr.
ser m (plural serrod or serroedd, not mutable)