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Finnish
Etymology
From Shona .
Pronunciation
Noun
shona
- Shona (language)
- Shona (person)
- (in the plural) Shona (people)
Declension
Irish
Adjective
shona
- Lenited form of sona.
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-shona (infinitive kushona)
- to sew, to stitch
Conjugation
Conjugation of -shona
|
Positive present
|
-nashona
|
Subjunctive
|
-shone
|
Negative
|
-shoni
|
Imperative singular
|
shona
|
|
Infinitives
|
|
Imperatives
|
|
Tensed forms
|
Habitual
|
hushona
|
Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishona
|
Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushona
|
|
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashona)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
ninashona/nashona
|
tunashona
|
2nd person
|
unashona
|
mnashona
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashona
|
wanashona
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashona
|
|
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shoni)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
sishoni
|
hatushoni
|
2nd person
|
hushoni
|
hamshoni
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashoni
|
hawashoni
|
other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shoni
|
|
Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashona
|
Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashona
|
|
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shone)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
nishone
|
tushone
|
2nd person
|
ushone
|
mshone
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashone
|
washone
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shone
|
|
Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishone
|
Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshona
|
Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshona
|
Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishona
|
Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishona
|
|
|
Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshona
|
"Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashona
|
"Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashona
|
"If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishona
|
"If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhona
|
Consecutive
|
kashona / positive subject concord + -kashona
|
Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashone
|
|
|
|
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-shôna
- (intransitive) to sink, to go down
- (intransitive) to set (of the sun)
- (intransitive) to disappear
- (intransitive, euphemistic) to die
- (intransitive) to become ruined, to go bankrupt
Inflection
Tone HH
|
Infinitive
|
ukushona
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukushona
|
ukungashoni
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
shona
|
-shone
|
Plural
|
shonani
|
-shoneni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyashona, ngishona
|
engishonayo, engishona
|
ngishona
|
angishoni
|
engingashoni
|
ngingashoni
|
2nd singular
|
uyashona, ushona
|
oshonayo, oshona
|
ushona
|
awushoni
|
ongashoni
|
ungashoni
|
1st plural
|
siyashona, sishona
|
esishonayo, esishona
|
sishona
|
asishoni
|
esingashoni
|
singashoni
|
2nd plural
|
niyashona, nishona
|
enishonayo, enishona
|
nishona
|
anishoni
|
eningashoni
|
ningashoni
|
Class 1
|
uyashona, ushona
|
oshonayo, oshona
|
eshona
|
akashoni
|
ongashoni
|
engashoni
|
Class 2
|
bayashona, bashona
|
abashonayo, abashona
|
beshona
|
abashoni
|
abangashoni
|
bengashoni
|
Class 3
|
uyashona, ushona
|
oshonayo, oshona
|
ushona
|
awushoni
|
ongashoni
|
ungashoni
|
Class 4
|
iyashona, ishona
|
eshonayo, eshona
|
ishona
|
ayishoni
|
engashoni
|
ingashoni
|
Class 5
|
liyashona, lishona
|
elishonayo, elishona
|
lishona
|
alishoni
|
elingashoni
|
lingashoni
|
Class 6
|
ayashona, ashona
|
ashonayo, ashona
|
eshona
|
awashoni
|
angashoni
|
engashoni
|
Class 7
|
siyashona, sishona
|
esishonayo, esishona
|
sishona
|
asishoni
|
esingashoni
|
singashoni
|
Class 8
|
ziyashona, zishona
|
ezishonayo, ezishona
|
zishona
|
azishoni
|
ezingashoni
|
zingashoni
|
Class 9
|
iyashona, ishona
|
eshonayo, eshona
|
ishona
|
ayishoni
|
engashoni
|
ingashoni
|
Class 10
|
ziyashona, zishona
|
ezishonayo, ezishona
|
zishona
|
azishoni
|
ezingashoni
|
zingashoni
|
Class 11
|
luyashona, lushona
|
olushonayo, olushona
|
lushona
|
alushoni
|
olungashoni
|
lungashoni
|
Class 14
|
buyashona, bushona
|
obushonayo, obushona
|
bushona
|
abushoni
|
obungashoni
|
bungashoni
|
Class 15
|
kuyashona, kushona
|
okushonayo, okushona
|
kushona
|
akushoni
|
okungashoni
|
kungashoni
|
Class 17
|
kuyashona, kushona
|
okushonayo, okushona
|
kushona
|
akushoni
|
okungashoni
|
kungashoni
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngishonile, ngishonē
|
engishonile, engishonē
|
ngishonile, ngishonē
|
angishonanga
|
engingashonanga
|
ngingashonanga
|
2nd singular
|
ushonile, ushonē
|
oshonile, oshonē
|
ushonile, ushonē
|
awushonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
ungashonanga
|
1st plural
|
sishonile, sishonē
|
esishonile, esishonē
|
sishonile, sishonē
|
asishonanga
|
esingashonanga
|
singashonanga
|
2nd plural
|
nishonile, nishonē
|
enishonile, enishonē
|
nishonile, nishonē
|
anishonanga
|
eningashonanga
|
ningashonanga
|
Class 1
|
ushonile, ushonē
|
oshonile, oshonē
|
eshonile, eshonē
|
akashonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
engashonanga
|
Class 2
|
bashonile, bashonē
|
abashonile, abashonē
|
beshonile, beshonē
|
abashonanga
|
abangashonanga
|
bengashonanga
|
Class 3
|
ushonile, ushonē
|
oshonile, oshonē
|
ushonile, ushonē
|
awushonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
ungashonanga
|
Class 4
|
ishonile, ishonē
|
eshonile, eshonē
|
ishonile, ishonē
|
ayishonanga
|
engashonanga
|
ingashonanga
|
Class 5
|
lishonile, lishonē
|
elishonile, elishonē
|
lishonile, lishonē
|
alishonanga
|
elingashonanga
|
lingashonanga
|
Class 6
|
ashonile, ashonē
|
ashonile, ashonē
|
eshonile, eshonē
|
awashonanga
|
angashonanga
|
engashonanga
|
Class 7
|
sishonile, sishonē
|
esishonile, esishonē
|
sishonile, sishonē
|
asishonanga
|
esingashonanga
|
singashonanga
|
Class 8
|
zishonile, zishonē
|
ezishonile, ezishonē
|
zishonile, zishonē
|
azishonanga
|
ezingashonanga
|
zingashonanga
|
Class 9
|
ishonile, ishonē
|
eshonile, eshonē
|
ishonile, ishonē
|
ayishonanga
|
engashonanga
|
ingashonanga
|
Class 10
|
zishonile, zishonē
|
ezishonile, ezishonē
|
zishonile, zishonē
|
azishonanga
|
ezingashonanga
|
zingashonanga
|
Class 11
|
lushonile, lushonē
|
olushonile, olushonē
|
lushonile, lushonē
|
alushonanga
|
olungashonanga
|
lungashonanga
|
Class 14
|
bushonile, bushonē
|
obushonile, obushonē
|
bushonile, bushonē
|
abushonanga
|
obungashonanga
|
bungashonanga
|
Class 15
|
kushonile, kushonē
|
okushonile, okushonē
|
kushonile, kushonē
|
akushonanga
|
okungashonanga
|
kungashonanga
|
Class 17
|
kushonile, kushonē
|
okushonile, okushonē
|
kushonile, kushonē
|
akushonanga
|
okungashonanga
|
kungashonanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāshona
|
engāshona
|
ngāshona
|
angishonanga
|
engingashonanga
|
ngingashonanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāshona
|
owāshona
|
wāshona
|
awushonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
ungashonanga
|
1st plural
|
sāshona
|
esāshona
|
sāshona
|
asishonanga
|
esingashonanga
|
singashonanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāshona
|
enāshona
|
nāshona
|
anishonanga
|
eningashonanga
|
ningashonanga
|
Class 1
|
wāshona
|
owāshona
|
āshona
|
akashonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
engashonanga
|
Class 2
|
bāshona
|
abāshona
|
bāshona
|
abashonanga
|
abangashonanga
|
bengashonanga
|
Class 3
|
wāshona
|
owāshona
|
wāshona
|
awushonanga
|
ongashonanga
|
ungashonanga
|
Class 4
|
yāshona
|
eyāshona
|
yāshona
|
ayishonanga
|
engashonanga
|
ingashonanga
|
Class 5
|
lāshona
|
elāshona
|
lāshona
|
alishonanga
|
elingashonanga
|
lingashonanga
|
Class 6
|
āshona
|
āshona
|
āshona
|
awashonanga
|
angashonanga
|
engashonanga
|
Class 7
|
sāshona
|
esāshona
|
sāshona
|
asishonanga
|
esingashonanga
|
singashonanga
|
Class 8
|
zāshona
|
ezāshona
|
zāshona
|
azishonanga
|
ezingashonanga
|
zingashonanga
|
Class 9
|
yāshona
|
eyāshona
|
yāshona
|
ayishonanga
|
engashonanga
|
ingashonanga
|
Class 10
|
zāshona
|
ezāshona
|
zāshona
|
azishonanga
|
ezingashonanga
|
zingashonanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāshona
|
olwāshona
|
lwāshona
|
alushonanga
|
olungashonanga
|
lungashonanga
|
Class 14
|
bāshona
|
obāshona
|
bāshona
|
abushonanga
|
obungashonanga
|
bungashonanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāshona
|
okwāshona
|
kwāshona
|
akushonanga
|
okungashonanga
|
kungashonanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāshona
|
okwāshona
|
kwāshona
|
akushonanga
|
okungashonanga
|
kungashonanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingashona
|
—
|
ngingashona
|
ngingeshone
|
—
|
ngingeshone
|
2nd singular
|
ungashona
|
—
|
ungashona
|
ungeshone
|
—
|
ungeshone
|
1st plural
|
singashona
|
—
|
singashona
|
singeshone
|
—
|
singeshone
|
2nd plural
|
ningashona
|
—
|
ningashona
|
ningeshone
|
—
|
ningeshone
|
Class 1
|
angashona
|
—
|
engashona
|
angeshone
|
—
|
engeshone
|
Class 2
|
bangashona
|
—
|
bengashona
|
bangeshone
|
—
|
bengeshone
|
Class 3
|
ungashona
|
—
|
ungashona
|
ungeshone
|
—
|
ungeshone
|
Class 4
|
ingashona
|
—
|
ingashona
|
ingeshone
|
—
|
ingeshone
|
Class 5
|
lingashona
|
—
|
lingashona
|
lingeshone
|
—
|
lingeshone
|
Class 6
|
angashona
|
—
|
engashona
|
angeshone
|
—
|
engeshone
|
Class 7
|
singashona
|
—
|
singashona
|
singeshone
|
—
|
singeshone
|
Class 8
|
zingashona
|
—
|
zingashona
|
zingeshone
|
—
|
zingeshone
|
Class 9
|
ingashona
|
—
|
ingashona
|
ingeshone
|
—
|
ingeshone
|
Class 10
|
zingashona
|
—
|
zingashona
|
zingeshone
|
—
|
zingeshone
|
Class 11
|
lungashona
|
—
|
lungashona
|
lungeshone
|
—
|
lungeshone
|
Class 14
|
bungashona
|
—
|
bungashona
|
bungeshone
|
—
|
bungeshone
|
Class 15
|
kungashona
|
—
|
kungashona
|
kungeshone
|
—
|
kungeshone
|
Class 17
|
kungashona
|
—
|
kungashona
|
kungeshone
|
—
|
kungeshone
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoshona
|
engizoshona
|
ngizoshona
|
angizushona
|
engingezushona
|
ngingezushona
|
2nd singular
|
uzoshona
|
ozoshona
|
uzoshona
|
awuzushona
|
ongezushona
|
ungezushona
|
1st plural
|
sizoshona
|
esizoshona
|
sizoshona
|
asizushona
|
esingezushona
|
singezushona
|
2nd plural
|
nizoshona
|
enizoshona
|
nizoshona
|
anizushona
|
eningezushona
|
ningezushona
|
Class 1
|
uzoshona
|
ozoshona
|
ezoshona
|
akazushona
|
ongezushona
|
engezushona
|
Class 2
|
bazoshona
|
abazoshona
|
bezoshona
|
abazushona
|
abangezushona
|
bengezushona
|
Class 3
|
uzoshona
|
ozoshona
|
uzoshona
|
awuzushona
|
ongezushona
|
ungezushona
|
Class 4
|
izoshona
|
ezoshona
|
izoshona
|
ayizushona
|
engezushona
|
ingezushona
|
Class 5
|
lizoshona
|
elizoshona
|
lizoshona
|
alizushona
|
elingezushona
|
lingezushona
|
Class 6
|
azoshona
|
azoshona
|
ezoshona
|
awazushona
|
angezushona
|
engezushona
|
Class 7
|
sizoshona
|
esizoshona
|
sizoshona
|
asizushona
|
esingezushona
|
singezushona
|
Class 8
|
zizoshona
|
ezizoshona
|
zizoshona
|
azizushona
|
ezingezushona
|
zingezushona
|
Class 9
|
izoshona
|
ezoshona
|
izoshona
|
ayizushona
|
engezushona
|
ingezushona
|
Class 10
|
zizoshona
|
ezizoshona
|
zizoshona
|
azizushona
|
ezingezushona
|
zingezushona
|
Class 11
|
luzoshona
|
oluzoshona
|
luzoshona
|
aluzushona
|
olungezushona
|
lungezushona
|
Class 14
|
buzoshona
|
obuzoshona
|
buzoshona
|
abuzushona
|
obungezushona
|
bungezushona
|
Class 15
|
kuzoshona
|
okuzoshona
|
kuzoshona
|
akuzushona
|
okungezushona
|
kungezushona
|
Class 17
|
kuzoshona
|
okuzoshona
|
kuzoshona
|
akuzushona
|
okungezushona
|
kungezushona
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoshona
|
engiyoshona
|
ngiyoshona
|
angiyushona
|
engingeyushona
|
ngingeyushona
|
2nd singular
|
uyoshona
|
oyoshona
|
uyoshona
|
awuyushona
|
ongeyushona
|
ungeyushona
|
1st plural
|
siyoshona
|
esiyoshona
|
siyoshona
|
asiyushona
|
esingeyushona
|
singeyushona
|
2nd plural
|
niyoshona
|
eniyoshona
|
niyoshona
|
aniyushona
|
eningeyushona
|
ningeyushona
|
Class 1
|
uyoshona
|
oyoshona
|
eyoshona
|
akayushona
|
ongeyushona
|
engeyushona
|
Class 2
|
bayoshona
|
abayoshona
|
beyoshona
|
abayushona
|
abangeyushona
|
bengeyushona
|
Class 3
|
uyoshona
|
oyoshona
|
uyoshona
|
awuyushona
|
ongeyushona
|
ungeyushona
|
Class 4
|
iyoshona
|
eyoshona
|
iyoshona
|
ayiyushona
|
engeyushona
|
ingeyushona
|
Class 5
|
liyoshona
|
eliyoshona
|
liyoshona
|
aliyushona
|
elingeyushona
|
lingeyushona
|
Class 6
|
ayoshona
|
ayoshona
|
eyoshona
|
awayushona
|
angeyushona
|
engeyushona
|
Class 7
|
siyoshona
|
esiyoshona
|
siyoshona
|
asiyushona
|
esingeyushona
|
singeyushona
|
Class 8
|
ziyoshona
|
eziyoshona
|
ziyoshona
|
aziyushona
|
ezingeyushona
|
zingeyushona
|
Class 9
|
iyoshona
|
eyoshona
|
iyoshona
|
ayiyushona
|
engeyushona
|
ingeyushona
|
Class 10
|
ziyoshona
|
eziyoshona
|
ziyoshona
|
aziyushona
|
ezingeyushona
|
zingeyushona
|
Class 11
|
luyoshona
|
oluyoshona
|
luyoshona
|
aluyushona
|
olungeyushona
|
lungeyushona
|
Class 14
|
buyoshona
|
obuyoshona
|
buyoshona
|
abuyushona
|
obungeyushona
|
bungeyushona
|
Class 15
|
kuyoshona
|
okuyoshona
|
kuyoshona
|
akuyushona
|
okungeyushona
|
kungeyushona
|
Class 17
|
kuyoshona
|
okuyoshona
|
kuyoshona
|
akuyushona
|
okungeyushona
|
kungeyushona
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngishone
|
ngingashoni
|
2nd singular
|
ushone
|
ungashoni
|
1st plural
|
sishone
|
singashoni
|
2nd plural
|
nishone
|
ningashoni
|
Class 1
|
ashone
|
angashoni
|
Class 2
|
bashone
|
bangashoni
|
Class 3
|
ushone
|
ungashoni
|
Class 4
|
ishone
|
ingashoni
|
Class 5
|
lishone
|
lingashoni
|
Class 6
|
ashone
|
angashoni
|
Class 7
|
sishone
|
singashoni
|
Class 8
|
zishone
|
zingashoni
|
Class 9
|
ishone
|
ingashoni
|
Class 10
|
zishone
|
zingashoni
|
Class 11
|
lushone
|
lungashoni
|
Class 14
|
bushone
|
bungashoni
|
Class 15
|
kushone
|
kungashoni
|
Class 17
|
kushone
|
kungashoni
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngashona
|
ngangashona, angashona, angangashona
|
2nd singular
|
washona
|
wangashona, awashona, awangashona
|
1st plural
|
sashona
|
sangashona, asashona, asangashona
|
2nd plural
|
nashona
|
nangashona, anashona, anangashona
|
Class 1
|
washona
|
wangashona, akashona, akangashona
|
Class 2
|
bashona
|
bangashona, abashona, abangashona
|
Class 3
|
washona
|
wangashona, awashona, awangashona
|
Class 4
|
yashona
|
yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
|
Class 5
|
lashona
|
langashona, alashona, alangashona
|
Class 6
|
ashona
|
angashona, awashona, awangashona
|
Class 7
|
sashona
|
sangashona, asashona, asangashona
|
Class 8
|
zashona
|
zangashona, azashona, azangashona
|
Class 9
|
yashona
|
yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona
|
Class 10
|
zashona
|
zangashona, azashona, azangashona
|
Class 11
|
lwashona
|
lwangashona, alwashona, alwangashona
|
Class 14
|
bashona
|
bangashona, abashona, abangashona
|
Class 15
|
kwashona
|
kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona
|
Class 17
|
kwashona
|
kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona
|
Derived terms
References