Inherited from Old French sifler (later orthographically influenced by souffler), from Vulgar Latin *sīfilāre, probably an Osco-Umbrian influenced variant of Latin sībilāre (compare Spanish chiflar, Friulian sivilâ). Cf. also the variant northern Old French dialectal form sufler (whence Norman sûfflier and Walloon xhufler), from a Vulgar Latin variant *sufilāre (compare Italian zufolare), as well as the dialectal subler from a form *subilāre (compare Italian sobillare, Romansch tschüblar, Romanian șuiera); in areas transitional to Franco-Provençal dialects is found the form sibler (compare also Occitan siblar, siular, Catalan xiular).
siffler
infinitive | simple | siffler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | sifflant /si.flɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | sifflé /si.fle/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | siffle /sifl/ |
siffles /sifl/ |
siffle /sifl/ |
sifflons /si.flɔ̃/ |
sifflez /si.fle/ |
sifflent /sifl/ |
imperfect | sifflais /si.flɛ/ |
sifflais /si.flɛ/ |
sifflait /si.flɛ/ |
sifflions /si.fli.jɔ̃/ |
siffliez /si.fli.je/ |
sifflaient /si.flɛ/ | |
past historic2 | sifflai /si.fle/ |
sifflas /si.fla/ |
siffla /si.fla/ |
sifflâmes /si.flam/ |
sifflâtes /si.flat/ |
sifflèrent /si.flɛʁ/ | |
future | sifflerai /si.flə.ʁe/ |
siffleras /si.flə.ʁa/ |
sifflera /si.flə.ʁa/ |
sifflerons /si.flə.ʁɔ̃/ |
sifflerez /si.flə.ʁe/ |
siffleront /si.flə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sifflerais /si.flə.ʁɛ/ |
sifflerais /si.flə.ʁɛ/ |
sifflerait /si.flə.ʁɛ/ |
sifflerions /si.flə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
siffleriez /si.flə.ʁje/ |
siffleraient /si.flə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | siffle /sifl/ |
siffles /sifl/ |
siffle /sifl/ |
sifflions /si.fli.jɔ̃/ |
siffliez /si.fli.je/ |
sifflent /sifl/ |
imperfect2 | sifflasse /si.flas/ |
sifflasses /si.flas/ |
sifflât /si.fla/ |
sifflassions /si.fla.sjɔ̃/ |
sifflassiez /si.fla.sje/ |
sifflassent /si.flas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | siffle /sifl/ |
— | sifflons /si.flɔ̃/ |
sifflez /si.fle/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |