sin

Translingual

Symbol

sin

1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

Alternative forms

• sinne (archaic)
• synne (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• enPR: sĭn, IPA^(key): /sɪn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

2. (theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.

   As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

   • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎, New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

     Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]

3. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
4. A misdeed or wrong.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

5. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible,  (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

     For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]

6. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , page 222, column 1:

     Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]

7. A flaw or mistake.

   No movie is without sin.

8. (sports) sin bin
   • 2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online‎:

     Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.

Synonyms

• offence
• adharma (in Hinduism)
• ithm (in Islam)

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Modification of shin.

Alternative forms

• seen, sīn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/, /siːn/

Noun

sin (plural sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

Etymology 3

Noun

sin (plural sins)

1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

Anagrams

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/,
• Hyphenation: sin

Pronoun

sín (predicative síini)

1. ye, you

See also

Determiner

sín

1. your (second person plural)

See also

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology 1

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sən/

Noun

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

1. meaning, sense
2. sentence
3. sense (means of perceiving reality)
4. sense, comprehension
5. desire

Derived terms

• sinvol

Etymology 2

Particle

sin

1. Misspelling of s'n.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sinu

Etymology

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

Noun

sin n (plural sinj)

1. breast

See also

• tsãtsã

Asturian

Preposition

sin

1. Alternative form of ensin

Breton

Etymology

From Latin signum.

Noun

sin m

1. sign

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

Noun

sin

1. zinc
2. galvanized iron sheet

Cornish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin signum.

Noun

sin m (plural sînys)

1. sign

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sínn.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -in

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)

   Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book

   Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

See also

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

sin

1. accusative of si

Fon

Etymology

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Noun

sìn

1. water

References

• Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Gun

Etymology 1

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti. Possibly cognate with Nkonya ntsu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Noun

sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)

1. water

   Synonym: òsìn

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Particle

sín

1. comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot

References

• Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

Hausa

Etymology

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sín/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key):

Noun

sin f

1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新).

Hunsrik

Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sin/

Verb

sin

1. to be

   Ich sin en Mann.

   I am a man.

   Deer seid zu mied.

   You are too tired.

   Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.

   They think she's a witch.

2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs

   Ich sin fortgang.

   I am gone.

Inflection

Irregular with past tense, conditional and subjunctive mood
infinitive	sin
participle	gewees, geweest, geween
auxiliary	sin
	present indicative	past indicative	conditional	subjunctive	imperative
ich	sin	waar	wäär	sei	—
du	bist	waarst	wäärst	seist	sei
er/sie/es	is	waar	wäär	sei	—
meer	sin	waare	wääre	seie	—
deer	seid	waard	wäärd	seid	seid
sie	sin	waare	wääre	seie	—
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end.

Derived terms

• do sin

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪːn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪːn

Noun

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

1. sinew, tendon

Declension

Irish

Alternative forms

• san

Etymology

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

Determiner

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an buachaill sin ― that boy

Pronoun

sin

1. that

   Sin é mo dheartháir.

   That is my brother.

   • (Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎:

     Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

     Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

Derived terms

• ó shin

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sin	shin after an, tsin	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: sìn

Preposition

sin

1. Apocopic form of sino

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Chinese 身 (MC syin).

Noun

sin 

1. body

Kabyle

Kabyle cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : sin

Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sin/

Numeral

sin m (feminine snat)

1. two

References

• Bellahsene, Linda, Hameg, Nadia (2009) “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎, Paris, France

Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sin/

Preposition

sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין)

1. without

Antonyms

• kon

Latin

Etymology

From sī + nē.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /siːn/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sin/,

Conjunction

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

   • Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?

     If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)

References

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

Livonian

Pronoun

sin

1. genitive singular of sinā

Menien

Noun

sin

1. water

References

• Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m or f

1. direction
2. attention
3. sense, intellect, reason
4. feeling, emotion
5. sense, perception
6. meaning

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: zin
• Limburgish: zin

Further reading

• “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology 1

Conjunction

sin

1. Alternative form of sithen

Etymology 2

Noun

sin

1. Alternative form of synne

Middle High German

Etymology 1

From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

Alternative forms

• wësen

Verb

sîn or wësen (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense was, past participle gewësen, past subjunctive wære, auxiliary sîn)

1. to be, become

Conjugation

Descendants

• German: sein

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “sîn”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke‎, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Etymology 2

From Old High German sīn.

Determiner

sîn

1. his
2. its
3. one's

Descendants

• German: sein

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• sein

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Determiner

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time

Pronoun

sin

1. that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• (originally) IPA^(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon sīn.

Pronoun

sîn

1. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his

   lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.

   John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.

2. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
3. (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its

Declension

Personal pronoun:

Possessive pronoun:

Alternative forms

• sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative forms

• wēsen

Verb

sîn

1. to be

Usage notes

• Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.

Descendants

• German Low German:

  Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)

  Westphalian:

  Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)

  Paderbornisch: seyn, syn (past participle: wiäsen)

Miskito

Adverb

sin

1. also, too

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

sin (possessed form biyiin)

1. song

Inflection

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Pronoun

sin

1. Inflected form of san
2. its

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sin

1. accusative/genitive of sii

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skolen sin bil.

   It was the school's car.

See also

References

• “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪnː/
• Homophone: sinn

Determiner

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skulen sin bil.

   It was the school’s car.

References

• “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn

1. his, its, hers

Inflection

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: sijn
  • Dutch: zijn
  • Limburgish: zeen

Further reading

• “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

Usage notes

• Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

Declension

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m

1. sense
2. mind
3. spirit
4. thought
5. intention

Declension

Synonyms

• sens

Descendants

• Middle High German: sin
  • German: Sinn
  • Luxembourgish: Sënn
  • Yiddish: זין (zin)

References

1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

Determiner

sin

1. that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)

   Synonym: tall

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with lips and what I might think with heart might be different

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

     De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

     Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

Derived terms

• ísin

Descendants

• Irish: sin
• Scottish Gaelic: sin
• Manx: shen

Pronoun

sin

1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d26

     Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

     It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Derived terms

• insin

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• sina

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

Noun

sin f (genitive sinar)

1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

References

• "sin", in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn m or n

1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:

     uundrodun alla bihuuī he thar sō lango frāon sīnun thionon thorfti

     they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords

   • verse 3832:

     selliad, that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen

     Bring that which is his, that shall be your souls

Declension

Descendants

• Low German: sien

See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

Verb

sīn (irregular)

1. to be (more at wesan)

Conjugation

Descendants

• Low German: sön, sennen

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sine.

Preposition

sin

1. without
   • c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:

     Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados

     He saw open doors and gates without locks

Antonyms

• con

Descendants

• Ladino: sin
• Spanish: sin

Old Swedish

Etymology

Old Norse sínn, sinn from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

Determiner

sin

1. (Reflexive possessive third person determiner.) his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own)

Picard

Pronoun

sin m

1. his, hers or its

Romanian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

Noun

sin m (uncountable)

1. (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

Declension

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/

Determiner

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

1. his

See also

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• (Uist) sineach

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃɪn/
• (Harris, North Uist) IPA^(key): /ʃɛn/ (as if spelled sean)

Pronoun

sin

1. that

   Dè tha sin?

   What is that?

Derived terms

• mar sin

Determiner

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an gille sin

   that boy

Derived terms

• an sin (“there; then”)
• air a shon sin (“nevertheless”)
• an dèidh sin (“afterwards; nevertheless”)
• cho math ri sin (“furthermore”)
• iad sin (“those”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sîːn/

Noun

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

1. son

Declension

Etymology 2

From Hebrew ש.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sîn/

Noun

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)

Declension

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /síːn/

Noun

sȋn m anim

1. son

Inflection

Declension of sin
nom. sing.	sin
gen. sing.	sina
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sin	sinova	sinovi
accusative	sin / sinu	sinova	sinove
genitive	sina	sinov	sinov
dative	sinu	sinovoma	sinovom
locative	sinu	sinovih	sinovih
instrumental	sinom	sinovoma	sinovi

Further reading

• “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

Preposition

sin

1. without

   Antonym: con

Derived terms

Further reading

• “sin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Alternative forms

• ſin (obsolete typography)

Etymology 1

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

Noun

sin ?

1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.

Usage notes

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).

   Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.

   Compare:

   Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.

   Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.

   She collects her poems in a box.

   Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.

   The dog doesn’t like its collar.

   De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.

   They gathered their papers and left the meeting.

Usage notes

• The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.

Declension

Tatar

Pronoun

sin

1. you (singular), thou

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).

Noun

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

1. (dated) grave, burial place

Inflection

Inflection
Nominative	sin
Definite accusative	sini
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sin	sinler
Definite accusative	sini	sinleri
Dative	sine	sinlere
Locative	sinde	sinlerde
Ablative	sinden	sinlerden
Genitive	sinin	sinlerin

References

Etymology 2

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Noun

sin

1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س

Vietnamese

Etymology

From translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key): ~
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): ~

Noun

sin

1. (trigonometry) sine

   Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.

   SOH-CAH-TOA

   (literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)

See also

• cosin

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siːn/
• Rhymes: -iːn

Etymology 1

PIE word
*(s)ḱeh₃-

From English scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).

Noun

sin f (plural sinau, not mutable)

1. scene (social environment)

   y sin bop Gymraeg ― the Welsh-language pop scene

Etymology 2

From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).

Noun

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

1. (trigonometry, mathematics) sine

Etymology 3

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of hesg (“sedges, rushes”) if the former, Doublet of chwedl (“tale”), ateb (“to answer”), and gohebu (“to correspond”) if the latter.

Noun

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

1. (obsolete) sign

   Synonym: arwydd

2. (obsolete) symbol

   Synonym: symbol

3. (obsolete) emblem

   Synonym: arwyddlun

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/

Noun

sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

1. sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
2. sense (means of experiencing the external world)
3. meaning, sense, significance

Further reading

• “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Noun

sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

1. mood
2. opinion, view

Further reading

• “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
2. (transitive) to serve

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Derived terms

• ẹ̀sìn (“religion”)
• ìsìn (“religious worship”)

Related terms

• bọ (“to worship; to sacrifice to a divinity”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Derived terms

• ọ̀sìn (“domestication”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Derived terms

• ìsìn

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to serve, to work for someone

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Derived terms

• ìsìn (“servitude”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Verb

sìn

1. (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it

Usage notes

• sin before a direct object

Derived terms

• ìsìn

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

Verb

sin

1. (transitive) to bury in soil

Derived terms

• sìnkú (“to bury the dead”)
• ìsin (“burial”)

Etymology 8

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

Verb

sin

1. (transitive) to lie hidden, to remain secret

   ọ̀rọ̀ náà sin ― the matter remains secret

Etymology 9

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

1. (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)

   Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́

Derived terms

• ìsíngbẹ́rẹ́ (“scarification”)

Etymology 10

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

1. (intransitive) to sneeze

Derived terms

• ìsín (“the act of sneezing”)

Etymology 11

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

1. (intransitive) to string or piece things together

   Synonym: sò

Derived terms

• ìsín

Etymology 12

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

Verb

sín

1. (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)

Derived terms

• ìsín
• sínkùrọ́

Zhuang

Etymology

From Chinese 辛 (MC sin).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θin˨˦/
• Tone numbers: sin¹
• Hyphenation: sin

Noun

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)

1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

See also

• (Chinese heavenly stems) diengan; gyap, iet, bingj, ding, fouh, geij, geng, sin, nyaemz, gveiq ^{(Category: za:Chinese heavenly stems)}