sittoa

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Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sitodak. Cognates include Finnish sitoa and Estonian siduta.

Pronunciation

Verb

sittoa

  1. (transitive) to bind, tie
  2. (transitive, passive voice, + comitative) to be related to
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
      Naapurikeeliin, suomen, viron ja vadjan keeliin kera iƶoran keeli ono siottu oman strukturan, fonettisen, äänisostavan, kautta, mut iƶoran keeleel ono suur yhtehös i karjalan keelen kera.
      The Ingrian language is related to its neighbouring languages, Finnish, Estonian and Votic, through own structure, that of phonetics, the inventory of sounds, but the Ingrian language has a strong connection with the Karelian language, too.

Conjugation

Conjugation of sittoa (type 1/ampua, t- gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sion en sio 1st singular oon sitont, oon sitonut en oo sitont, en oo sitonut
2nd singular siot et sio 2nd singular oot sitont, oot sitonut et oo sitont, et oo sitonut
3rd singular sittoo ei sio 3rd singular ono sitont, ono sitonut ei oo sitont, ei oo sitonut
1st plural siomma emmä sio 1st plural oomma sitoneet emmä oo sitoneet
2nd plural siotta että sio 2nd plural ootta sitoneet että oo sitoneet
3rd plural sittoot1), sitovat2), siotaa evät sio, ei siota 3rd plural ovat sitoneet evät oo sitoneet, ei oo siottu
impersonal siotaa ei siota impersonal ono siottu ei oo siottu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sioin en sitont, en sitonut 1st singular olin sitont, olin sitonut en olt sitont, en olt sitonut
2nd singular sioit et sitont, et sitonut 2nd singular olit sitont, olit sitonut et olt sitont, et olt sitonut
3rd singular sitoi ei sitont, ei sitonut 3rd singular oli sitont, oli sitonut ei olt sitont, ei olt sitonut
1st plural sioimma emmä sitoneet 1st plural olimma sitoneet emmä olleet sitoneet
2nd plural sioitta että sitoneet 2nd plural olitta sitoneet että olleet sitoneet
3rd plural sittoit1), sitoivat2), siottii evät sitoneet, ei siottu 3rd plural olivat sitoneet evät olleet sitoneet, ei olt siottu
impersonal siottii ei siottu impersonal oli siottu ei olt siottu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sitoisin en sitois 1st singular olisin sitont, olisin sitonut en olis sitont, en olis sitonut
2nd singular sitoisit, sittoist1) et sitois 2nd singular olisit sitont, olisit sitonut et olis sitont, et olis sitonut
3rd singular sitois ei sitois 3rd singular olis sitont, olis sitonut ei olis sitont, ei olis sitonut
1st plural sitoisimma emmä sitois 1st plural olisimma sitoneet emmä olis sitoneet
2nd plural sitoisitta että sitois 2nd plural olisitta sitoneet että olis sitoneet
3rd plural sitoisiit1), sitoisivat2), siottais evät sitois, ei siottais 3rd plural olisivat sitoneet evät olis sitoneet, ei olis siottu
impersonal siottais ei siottais impersonal olis siottu ei olis siottu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular sio elä sio 2nd singular oo sitont, oo sitonut elä oo sitont, elä oo sitonut
3rd singular sitokoo elköö sitoko 3rd singular olkoo sitont, olkoo sitonut elköö olko sitont, elköö olko sitonut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural sitokaa elkää sitoko 2nd plural olkaa sitoneet elkää olko sitoneet
3rd plural sitokoot elkööt sitoko, elköö siottako 3rd plural olkoot sitoneet elkööt olko sitoneet, elköö olko siottu
impersonal siottakkoo elköö siottako impersonal olkoo siottu elköö olko siottu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular sitonen en sitone
2nd singular sitonet et sitone
3rd singular sitonoo ei sitone
1st plural sitonemma emmä sitone
2nd plural sitonetta että sitone
3rd plural sitonoot evät sitone, ei siottane
impersonal siottannoo ei siottane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st sittoa present sitova siottava
2nd inessive sitojees past sitont, sitonut siottu
instructive sittoen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (sitokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative sitomaa
inessive sitomaas
elative sitomast
abessive sitomata
4th nominative sitomiin
partitive sitomista, sitomist

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 530

Anagrams

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sitodak.

Pronunciation

Verb

sittoa

  1. (transitive) to tie, bind
  2. (transitive) to knit

Inflection

Conjugation of sittoa (type II-1/kuttsua, t- gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sion en sio 1st singular õõn sitonnu en õõ sitonnu
2nd singular siod ed sio 2nd singular õõd sitonnu ed õõ sitonnu
3rd singular siob eb sio 3rd singular on sitonnu eb õõ sitonnu
1st plural siommõ emmä sio 1st plural õõmmõ sitonnu emmä õõ sitonnu
2nd plural siottõ että sio 2nd plural õõttõ sitonnu että õõ sitonnu
3rd plural siota eväd sio 3rd plural õlla siottu eväd õõ siottu
impersonal siota eväd sio impersonal õlla siottu eväd õõ siottu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sitozin en sitonnu 1st singular õlin sitonnu —
2nd singular sitozid ed sitonnu 2nd singular õlid sitonnu —
3rd singular sito eb sitonnu 3rd singular õli sitonnu —
1st plural sitozimmõ emmä sitonnu 1st plural õlimmõ sitonnu —
2nd plural sitozittõ että sitonnu 2nd plural õlittõ sitonnu —
3rd plural siotti eväd siottu 3rd plural õlti siottu —
impersonal siotti eväd siottu impersonal õlti siottu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular sitoizin en sitoizʹ 1st singular õllõizin sitonnu en õllõizʹ sitonnu
2nd singular sitoizid ed sitoizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid sitonnu ed õllõizʹ sitonnu
3rd singular sitoizʹ eb sitoizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ sitonnu eb õllõizʹ sitonnu
1st plural sitoizimmõ emmä sitoizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ sitonnu emmä õllõizʹ sitonnu
2nd plural sitoizittõ että sitoizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ sitonnu että õllõizʹ sitonnu
3rd plural siottaizʹ eväd siottaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ siottu eväd õltaizʹ siottu
impersonal siottaizʹ eväd siottaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ siottu eväd õltaizʹ siottu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular sio elä sio
3rd singular sitogo1) elko sitogo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural sitoga elka sitoga
3rd plural sitogod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st sittoa present sitojõ2) —
2nd illative sitoma past sitonnu siottu
inessive sitomõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative sitomõssõ
abessive sitomõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sitoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Wikious
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