självständig

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Swedish

Etymology

själv +‎ stånd +‎ -ig, similar to German selbständig. The Swedish/German verb stå/stehen (“to stand”) is the basis for the noun stånd/Stand (“standing”), which can mean both upright standing (without support) and still standing (without movement or change). The still-standing meaning with umlaut and the -ig ending forms the adjective ständig/ständig (“permanent”). But in självständig/selbständig, the same transformation is based on the upright-standing meaning.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

självständig

  1. independent (literally: self-standing)

Declension

Inflection of självständig
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular självständig självständigare självständigast
Neuter singular självständigt självständigare självständigast
Plural självständiga självständigare självständigast
Masculine plural3 självständige självständigare självständigast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 självständige självständigare självständigaste
All självständiga självständigare självständigaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Related terms

Further reading

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