skjǫldr

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Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”). Cognate with Old English sċield, sċeld, sċild, sċyld, Old Frisian skeld, Old Saxon skild, Old High German skild, skilt, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skildus). The different case and number forms show various sound changes: breaking (e > ja), u-umlaut (ja > jǫ), and i-umlaut (e > i).

Pronunciation

(9th century West Norse) IPA^(key): /skeɒ̯ldɹ̝/,
(12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈskjɒldr̩/

Noun

skjǫldr m (genitive skjaldar, dative skildi, plural skildir)

shield
- Sverris saga konungs 95, in 1834, F. Magnússon, C.C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur. Volume VIII. Copenhagen, page 232:
  Þeir skutu skildi undir líkit, ok hófu upp í skutina þá, er konúngr var á.
  
  They put a shield under the corpse, and lifted it up into the ship where the king was.

Declension

Declension of skjǫldr (strong u-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
masculine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	skjǫldr	skjǫldrinn	skildir	skildirnir
accusative	skjǫld	skjǫldinn	skjǫldu	skjǫlduna
dative	skildi	skildinum	skjǫldum	skjǫldunum
genitive	skjaldar	skjaldarins	skjalda	skjaldanna

Derived terms

skjaldarband (“shield-strap”)
skjaldarbukl (“shield-boss”)
skjaldarfetill (“shield-strap”)
skjaldarrǫnd (“shield-rim”)
skjaldarsporðr (“lower part of a shield”)
skjaldaskirfl (“old worn-out shields”)
skjaldborg (“wall of shields”)
skjaldfimr (“dexterous with a shield”)
skjaldhvalr (“a kind of whale”)
skjaldjǫtunn (“war-engine”)
skjaldmær (“amazon”)
skjaldrim (“shield-rim”)
skjaldsveinn (“shield-bearer”)
skjaldþili (“wainscotting”)

Related terms

skjalda (“to cover with a shield”)
skjǫldungr (“sheldrake”)

Descendants

Icelandic: skjöldur
Faroese: skjøldur
Norwegian Nynorsk: skjold m or n; (dialectal) skjøld m or n
Elfdalian: stjöld
Old Swedish: skiolder, skiølder
- Swedish: sköld
Old Danish: skiold
- Danish: skjold
  - Norwegian Bokmål: skjold n
Gutnish: skiåld
→ Latin: Skioldus, Skyoldus (Saxo Grammaticus)

References

skjǫldr in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
skjǫldr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

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