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Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + km (“to complete”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive) to complete, to make whole
- (transitive) to spend (a period of time or lifespan) through to the end
- (transitive, mathematics) to bring a sum up to a desired value by supplying a missing addend (+ m: in order to sum up to (the desired value))
- (transitive, Late Egyptian) to end (a letter)
- (transitive) to finish, to put an end to, to destroy (enemies or their spirits, hearts, or limbs)
Inflection
Conjugation of skm (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: skm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
skmt, skm
|
skmw, skm
|
skmt
|
skm
|
skm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
skm
|
ḥr skm
|
m skm
|
r skm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
skm.n
|
skmw, skm
|
consecutive
|
skm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
skmt
|
| perfective3
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
skm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
skmw, skm, skmy
|
skmw, skm, skmy
|
potentialis1
|
skm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
skm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
skm
|
skm, skmw5, skmy5
|
| imperfective
|
skm, skmy, skmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
skm, skmj6, skmy6
|
skm, skmw5
|
| prospective
|
skm, skmtj7
|
—
|
skmwtj1 4, skmtj4, skmt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
The infinitive of this verb is treated as feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of skm
Verb
caus. 2-lit.
- (intransitive, of hair) to be(come) grey
- (intransitive) to be(come) old and wise
Inflection
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Conjugation of skm (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: skm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
skmt, skm
|
skmw, skm
|
skmt
|
skm
|
skm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
skm
|
ḥr skm
|
m skm
|
r skm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
skm.n
|
skmw, skm
|
consecutive
|
skm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
skmt
|
| perfective3
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
skm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
skmw, skm, skmy
|
skmw, skm, skmy
|
potentialis1
|
skm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
skm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
skm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
skm
|
skm, skmw5, skmy5
|
| imperfective
|
skm, skmy, skmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
skm, skmj6, skmy6
|
skm, skmw5
|
| prospective
|
skm, skmtj7
|
—
|
skmwtj1 4, skmtj4, skmt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of skm
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 317.2–317.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 251
