skuld

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See also: Skuld

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch schuld, from Middle Dutch schult, from Old Dutch *skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /skœlt/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

skuld (plural skulde)

  1. guilt, fault
  2. debt

Descendants

  • → Sotho: sekoloto
  • → Tswana: sekoloto
  • → Zulu: isikweletu

Verb

skuld (present skuld, present participle skuldende, past participle geskuld)

  1. (transitive, ditransitive) to owe, to be indebted to

Gothic

Romanization

skuld

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse skuld, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.

Pronunciation

Noun

skuld f (genitive singular skuldar, nominative plural skuldir)

  1. a debt
    innheimta skuld ― collect a debt
    útistandandi skuld ― outstanding debt
    skuldum vafinn ― be deep in debt
    greiða upp skuld ― liquidate a debt
  2. (plural only, of a company) liabilities
  3. blame
    Synonym: sök
    að skella skuldinni á einhvern ― to put the blame on someone

Declension

Declension of skuld (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative skuld skuldin skuldir skuldirnar
accusative skuld skuldina skuldir skuldirnar
dative skuld skuldinni skuldum skuldunum
genitive skuldar skuldarinnar skulda skuldanna

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse skuld.

Pronunciation

Noun

skuld f (definite singular skulda, indefinite plural skulder, definite plural skuldene)

  1. blame
  2. fault
  3. guilt
  4. sake
    for hennar skuld
    for her sake
  5. debt

Derived terms

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéltis.

Noun

skuld f

  1. debt, obligation

Declension

Declension of skuld (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative skuld skuldin skuldir skuldirnar
accusative skuld skuldina skuldir skuldirnar
dative skuld skuldinni skuldum skuldunum
genitive skuldar skuldarinnar skulda skuldanna

Descendants

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “skuld”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse skuld, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéltis.

Noun

skuld f

  1. debt, obligation
  2. guilt, blame

Declension

Declension of skuld (i-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative skuld skuldin skuldi(r), -e(r) skuldina(r), skuldena(r)
accusative skuld skuldina, -ena skuldi(r), -e(r) skuldina(r), skuldena(r)
dative skuld skuldinni, -inne skuldum, -om skuldumin, -omen
genitive skulda(r) skuldinna(r) skulda skuldanna

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse skuld, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéltis.

Pronunciation

Noun

skuld c

  1. debt
  2. guilt, blame

Declension

Declension of skuld
nominative genitive
singular indefinite skuld skulds
definite skulden skuldens
plural indefinite skulder skulders
definite skulderna skuldernas

Derived terms

Further reading

West Frisian

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *skuldi. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Not from Old Frisian, which has i and e.

Noun

skuld c (plural skulden, diminutive skuldsje)

  1. debt
  2. guilt, fault

Further reading

  • “skuld”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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