snḏ

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

Verb

snDA2

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) afraid (+ n, ḥr, r, or m: of; to fear)
  2. (intransitive, with n) to respect, to revere; to hold in respect, awe, or reverence
  3. (transitive) to be afraid (to do something)

Inflection

Conjugation of snḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: snḏ, geminated stem: snḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
snḏ
snḏw, snḏ
snḏt
snḏ
snḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
snḏ
ḥr snḏ
m snḏ
r snḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect snḏ.n
snḏw, snḏ
consecutive snḏ.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative snḏt
perfective3 snḏ
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 snḏ.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective snḏ
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 snḏ
snḏḏ
potentialis1 snḏ.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive snḏ
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect snḏ.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective snḏ
active + .tj1, .tw2
snḏ
snḏ, snḏw5, snḏy5
imperfective snḏ, snḏy, snḏw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
snḏ, snḏj6, snḏy6
snḏ, snḏw5
prospective snḏ, snḏtj7
snḏtj4, snḏt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁⲧ (snat)

Noun

snDA2

 m

  1. alternative form of snḏw (fear)

Inflection

Declension of snḏ (masculine)
singular snḏ
dual snḏwj
plural snḏw

References

  • snḏ (lemma ID 138730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 182.2–183.3
  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 276, 359.