sole

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

sole

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• enPR: sōl
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /səʊl/,
  • (New Zealand, General Australian) IPA^(key): /sɐʉl/,
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /soʊl/

  • Audio (GA)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊl
• Homophones: Seoul, soul, sowl

Etymology 1

From Middle English sole, soule, from Old French sol, soul (“alone”), from Latin sōlus (“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to Old Latin sollus (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“safe, healthy”). More at save.

Adjective

sole (not comparable)

1. Only.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sole

   • 1905, H. G. Wells, The Empire of the Ants:

     He saw now clearly that the sole crew of the vessel was these two dead men, and though he could not see their faces, he saw by their outstretched hands, which were all of ragged flesh, that they had been subjected to some strange exceptional process of decay.

2. (law) Unmarried (especially of a woman); widowed.

   Synonym: lone

3. Unique; unsurpassed.

   The sole brilliance of this gem.

4. With independent power; unfettered.

   A sole authority.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

Alternative forms

• soal

Noun

sole (plural soles)

2. (anatomy) The bottom or plantar surface of the foot.

   Synonym: (medical term) planta

4. (footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.
   • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations, page 147:

     The Caliga was a military Shoe, with a very thick Sole, tied above the instep with leather Thongs.

6. (obsolete) The foot itself.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 9:

     Hast wandred through the world now long a day;Yet ceasest not thy wearie soles to lead

   • 1611, The Holy Bible,  (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, Genesis 8:9:

     But the doue found no rest for the sole of her foote, and she returned vnto him into the Arke: […]

8. (zoology) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae.
   • 1952, Nikos Kazantzakis, chapter 1, in Carl Wildman, transl., Zorba the Greek, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, translation of Βίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά [Víos kai politeía tou Aléxi Zormpá], →ISBN, page 3:

     The fishermen crowding in the cafés were also waiting for the end of the storm, when the fish, reassured, would rise to the surface after the bait. Soles, hog fish and skate were returning from their nocturnal expeditions. Day was now breaking.

9. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing.
   1. The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.
   2. The bottom of a furrow.
   3. The end section of the chanter of a set of bagpipes.
   5. The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts.

      Coordinate term: frog

   6. (military) The bottom of an embrasure.
   7. (nautical) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel.
      • 1842, The Nautical Magazine:

        The rudder remains to be repaired, and is unshipped for the purpose; the sole of it is entirely gone

   8. (nautical) The floor inside the cabin of a yacht or boat
10. (mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; applied to horizontal veins or lodes.

Derived terms

Descendants

• → Hebrew: סוֹל (sol)

Translations

Verb

sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

1. (transitive) to put a sole on (a shoe or boot)

Derived terms

• resole

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sāl (“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), from Proto-Germanic *sailą, *sailaz (“rope, cable”), *sailō (“noose, rein, bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate with Scots sale, saile (“halter, collar”), Dutch zeel (“rope, cord, strap”), German Seil (“rope, cable, wire”), Icelandic seil (“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dell (“sinew, vein”).

Noun

sole (plural soles)

1. (dialectal or obsolete) A wooden band or yoke put around the neck of an ox or cow in the stall.

Etymology 4

From Middle English sol, from Old English sol (“mire, miry place”), from Proto-Germanic *sulą (“mire, wallow, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian soal (“ditch”), Dutch sol (“water and mud filled pit”), German Suhle (“mire, wallow”), Norwegian saula, søyla (“mud puddle”). More at soil.

Alternative forms

• soal

Noun

sole (plural soles)

1. (dialectal, Northern England) A pond or pool; a dirty pond of standing water.

Etymology 5

From earlier sowle (“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps from sow (“female pig”) +‎ -le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or from Middle English sole (“rope”). See above.

Alternative forms

• soal, sowl

Verb

sole (third-person singular simple present soles, present participle soling, simple past and past participle soled)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To pull by the ears; to pull about; haul; lug.

Anagrams

• EOLs, ESOL, Elos, LEOs, Leos, Lose, OELs, elos, leos, lose, selo, sloe

Afrikaans

Noun

sole

1. plural of sool

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Verb

sole

1. masculine singular present transgressive of solit

Danish

Noun

sole c

1. indefinite plural of sol

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ole
• Hyphenation: so‧le

Adverb

sole

1. solely

Related terms

• sola

French

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔl/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

sole f (plural soles)

1. (zoology) sole (fish)
2. sole, the bottom of a hoof
3. (carpentry) sole, a piece of timber, a joist
4. (agriculture) a piece of land devoted to crop rotation

Derived terms

• solive

Further reading

• “sole”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

Galician

Verb

sole

1. inflection of solar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Hawaiian Creole

Etymology

From Samoan sole (“man, dude, friend”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /so.le/

Noun

sole

1. (informal) a person of (usually local) Samoan descent

   What's up sole.

Italian

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

Sole (araldica)

Wikipedia ^it

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈso.le/
• Rhymes: -ole
• Hyphenation: só‧le

Etymology 1

From Sole, from Latin sōlem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognates include Greek ήλιος (ílios), Icelandic sól, Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), and Russian со́лнце (sólnce).

Noun

sole m (plural soli, diminutive (colloquial) solicèllo or (uncommon) solicìno)

1. (colloquial, astronomy) star (for extension of Sole)

   Synonym: stella

2. (heraldry) sun (a star in heraldry)
3. (alchemy) gold

   Synonym: oro

4. sunlight
   • 1807, Ugo Foscolo, Dei Sepolcri‎, Molini, Landi e comp., published 1809, page 20:

     E tu onore di pianti, Ettore, avrai ¶ […] finché il Sole ¶ Risplenderà sulle sciagure umane.

     And you, Hector, will be honored with cryings ¶ as long as the Sun ¶ will shine on the misfortunes of mankind.

5. (poetic) daytime, day (the interval between sunrise and sunset)
   • 1504, Jacopo Sannazaro, Arcadia:

     quattro soli e altretante lune il mio corpo né da cibo né da sonno fu riconfortato

     for four days and as many nights, my body hadn't been comforted by either food or sleep

   • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎, Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, Canto XXXV, page 164:

     Poi diſſe andiamo; e nel ſeguente ſole ¶ Giunſero al fiume

     He then said "Let us go"; and in the following day ¶ they reached the river

   • 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, Canto XIX, page 441:

     Goffredo alloggia ne la Terra: e vuole ¶ Rinouar poi l'aſſalto al nouo Sole

     Within the land Godfrey would lodge that night, ¶ and with the day renew the assault and fight.

   • 1825, Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade [Iliad]‎, Milan: Giovanni Resnati e Gius. Bernardoni di Gio, translation of Ἰλιάς (Iliás) by Homer, published 1840, Book XIX, page 424:

     Intero un sole al lagrimar si doni; ¶ Poi con coraggio, chi morì s'intombi

     Let an entire day be dedicated to the mourning; ¶ then with bravery, let us bury those who died

6. (poetic) year
   • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell], 12th edition (paperback), Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, page 94, lines 67–69:

     Poi appresso convien che questa caggia ¶ infra tre soli, e che l'altra sormonti ¶ con la forza di tal che testé piaggia.

     Then afterwards behoves it this one fall ¶ within three suns, and rise again the other ¶ by force of him who now is on the coast.

7. (poetic, in the plural) eyes
   • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎, Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, Canto VII, page 26:

     Sotto duo negri e ſottilisſimi archi ¶ Son duo negri occhi, anzi duo chiari Soli

     Below two thin, black eyebrows ¶ are two black eyes; nay, two bright suns

Related terms

See also

Further reading

• sole on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^it
• sole in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
• sole in Collins Italian-English Dictionary

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

sole

1. feminine plural of solo

Noun

sole f

1. plural of sola

Anagrams

• leso

Latin

Etymology 1

See sōl.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.le/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.le/,

Noun

sōle

1. ablative singular of sōl

Etymology 2

See sōlus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.le/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.le/,

Adjective

sōle

1. vocative masculine singular of sōlus

Neapolitan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sōlem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsolə/

Noun

sole m

1. Sun

   Steva chiuvenno, po' è asciuto 'o sole. ― It was raining, then the sun came out.

References

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz – map 360: “si leva il sole” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Norman

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.

Noun

sole f (plural soles)

1. sole (fish)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Probably from the noun sol

Verb

sole (imperative sol, present tense soler, passive -, simple past sola or solet or solte, past participle sola or solet or solt, present participle solende)

1. (reflexive, sole seg) to sunbathe, sun oneself, bask (also figurative)

References

• “sole” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /skuːlə/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sóli m, from Latin solum (“bottom, ground”).

Noun

sole m (definite singular solen, indefinite plural solar, definite plural solane)

1. (anatomy) a sole (bottom or plantar surface of the foot)
2. (footwear) a sole (bottom of a shoe or boot)

Derived terms

Verb

sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

1. to apply a sole to footwear

Alternative forms

• sola (a-infinitive)

Derived terms

• soling f

See also

• såle (Bokmål)

Etymology 2

From the noun sol f (“sun”).

Alternative forms

• sola (a-infinitive)

Verb

sole (present tense solar, past tense sola, past participle sola, passive infinitive solast, present participle solande, imperative sole/sol)

1. (reflexive) to sunbathe
2. (reflexive, figurative) to bask
3. (transitive) to expose to the sun

Derived terms

• soling f

References

• “sole” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• lose, Sola, sloe

Old English

Alternative forms

• solu

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin solea, from solum (“bottom, base”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swol-.

Noun

sole f

1. sole
2. shoe, sandal

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: sole, soole
  • English: sole
  • Scots: sole

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sole”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• John R. Clark Hall (1916) “sole”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan

Old French

Adjective

sole f

1. oblique/nominative feminine singular of sol

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.lɛ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔlɛ
• Syllabification: so‧le
• Homophone: solę

Noun

sole

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sól

Noun

sole

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sola

Noun

sole

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of sol

Portuguese

Verb

sole

1. inflection of solar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

sole (Cyrillic spelling соле)

1. third-person plural present of soliti