sota

See also: SOTA, sõta, and söta

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan sota, from Vulgar Latin *subta, alteration of Latin subtus (whence Old Catalan sots), derived from sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
IPA^(key): (Valencian)

Preposition

sota

under, underneath, below, beneath

Adverb

sota

below, beneath, underneath

Noun

sota

(card games) jack, knave

Derived terms

References

“sota” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“sota”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
“sota” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“sota” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sota, from Proto-Uralic *śoďa. Cognate with Estonian sõda, Võro sõda, Inari Sami soati, Northern Sami soahti, Livonian soda, Veps soda and Erzya сюдома (śudoma, “curse”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsotɑ/,
Rhymes: -otɑ
Syllabification^(key): so‧ta

Noun

sota

war (conflict involving organized use of arms; also figuratively, e.g. of a campaign against something or business competition)
olemme sodassa ― we are at war
warfare (waging of war or armed conflict)
Synonym: sodankäynti

asemasota ― trench warfare
(in compounds) military, war-
Synonym: sotilas-

Declension

Inflection of sota (Kotus type 10*F/koira, t-d gradation)
nominative		sota	sodat
genitive		sodan	sotien
partitive		sotaa	sotia
illative		sotaan	sotiin
		singular	plural
nominative		sota	sodat
accusative	nom.	sota	sodat
accusative	gen.	sodan	sodat
genitive		sodan	sotien sotain^rare
partitive		sotaa	sotia
inessive		sodassa	sodissa
elative		sodasta	sodista
illative		sotaan	sotiin
adessive		sodalla	sodilla
ablative		sodalta	sodilta
allative		sodalle	sodille
essive		sotana	sotina
translative		sodaksi	sodiksi
abessive		sodatta	soditta
instructive		—	sodin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sota (Kotus type 10*F/koira, t-d gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sotani	sotani
accusative	nom.	sotani	sotani
accusative	gen.	sotani	sotani
genitive		sotani	sotieni sotaini^rare
partitive		sotaani	sotiani
inessive		sodassani	sodissani
elative		sodastani	sodistani
illative		sotaani	sotiini
adessive		sodallani	sodillani
ablative		sodaltani	sodiltani
allative		sodalleni	sodilleni
essive		sotanani	sotinani
translative		sodakseni	sodikseni
abessive		sodattani	sodittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sotineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sotasi	sotasi
accusative	nom.	sotasi	sotasi
accusative	gen.	sotasi	sotasi
genitive		sotasi	sotiesi sotaisi^rare
partitive		sotaasi	sotiasi
inessive		sodassasi	sodissasi
elative		sodastasi	sodistasi
illative		sotaasi	sotiisi
adessive		sodallasi	sodillasi
ablative		sodaltasi	sodiltasi
allative		sodallesi	sodillesi
essive		sotanasi	sotinasi
translative		sodaksesi	sodiksesi
abessive		sodattasi	sodittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sotinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sotamme	sotamme
accusative	nom.	sotamme	sotamme
accusative	gen.	sotamme	sotamme
genitive		sotamme	sotiemme sotaimme^rare
partitive		sotaamme	sotiamme
inessive		sodassamme	sodissamme
elative		sodastamme	sodistamme
illative		sotaamme	sotiimme
adessive		sodallamme	sodillamme
ablative		sodaltamme	sodiltamme
allative		sodallemme	sodillemme
essive		sotanamme	sotinamme
translative		sodaksemme	sodiksemme
abessive		sodattamme	sodittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sotinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sotanne	sotanne
accusative	nom.	sotanne	sotanne
accusative	gen.	sotanne	sotanne
genitive		sotanne	sotienne sotainne^rare
partitive		sotaanne	sotianne
inessive		sodassanne	sodissanne
elative		sodastanne	sodistanne
illative		sotaanne	sotiinne
adessive		sodallanne	sodillanne
ablative		sodaltanne	sodiltanne
allative		sodallenne	sodillenne
essive		sotananne	sotinanne
translative		sodaksenne	sodiksenne
abessive		sodattanne	sodittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sotinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sotansa	sotansa
accusative	nom.	sotansa	sotansa
accusative	gen.	sotansa	sotansa
genitive		sotansa	sotiensa sotainsa^rare
partitive		sotaansa	sotiaan sotiansa
inessive		sodassaan sodassansa	sodissaan sodissansa
elative		sodastaan sodastansa	sodistaan sodistansa
illative		sotaansa	sotiinsa
adessive		sodallaan sodallansa	sodillaan sodillansa
ablative		sodaltaan sodaltansa	sodiltaan sodiltansa
allative		sodalleen sodallensa	sodilleen sodillensa
essive		sotanaan sotanansa	sotinaan sotinansa
translative		sodakseen sodaksensa	sodikseen sodiksensa
abessive		sodattaan sodattansa	sodittaan sodittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sotineen sotinensa

Derived terms

compounds

Anagrams

Atso, osat, osta, otsa, sato, stoa, taos, taso, tosa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sota. Cognates include Finnish sota and Estonian sõda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsotɑ/,
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsotɑ/,
Rhymes: -otɑ
Hyphenation: so‧ta

Noun

sota

war
- 2021, Kati Kallio, Riho Grünthal, Lasi Saressalo, quoting Olga Filatova, Inkerikot, setot ja vatjalaiset (overall work in Finnish), →ISBN, page 40:
  Ennee sottaa mittää sitä vennään keeltä meil ei olt - kaik oli oman keeli!
  Before the war we didn't have any Russian language - everything was our own language!

Usage notes

sota often refers specifically to World War II.

Declension

Declension of sota (type 3/koira, t- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sota	soat
genitive	soan	sottiin
partitive	sottaa	sottia
illative	sottaa	sottii
inessive	soas	sois
elative	soast	soist
allative	soalle	soille
adessive	soal	soil
ablative	soalt	soilt
translative	soaks	soiks
essive	sotanna, sottaan	sotinna, sottiin
exessive¹⁾	sotant	sotint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Antonyms

sopu (“peace”)

Derived terms

References

V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19
Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 535

Ladin

Adverb

sota

Alternative form of sot

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

soten, sotet

Noun

sota m or f or n

definite feminine singular of sot

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

sotet

Noun

sota f or n

definite feminine singular of sot

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan , from Vulgar Latin *subta, from Latin subtus (cf. also Old Catalan sots), from sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Cognate with Catalan sota, French sous, Italian sotto, Sicilian sutta.

Pronunciation

(Provençal) IPA^(key): /ˈsuto/

Preposition

sota

(Provençal) beneath, under
Me soi assetat sota l'arbre.

Pali

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रोत्र (śrotra).

Alternative forms

𑀲𑁄𑀢 (Brahmi script)
सोत (Devanagari script)
সোত (Bengali script)
සොත (Sinhalese script)
သောတ or သေႃတ (Burmese script)
โสต or โสตะ (Thai script)
ᩈᩮᩣᨲ (Tai Tham script)
ໂສຕ or ໂສຕະ (Lao script)
សោត (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄮𑄖 (Chakma script)

Noun

sota n

ear

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit स्रोतस् (srotas), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sráwtas, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).

Alternative forms

𑀲𑁄𑀢 (Brahmi script)
सोत (Devanagari script)
সোত (Bengali script)
සොත (Sinhalese script)
သောတ or သေႃတ (Burmese script)
โสต or โสตะ (Thai script)
ᩈᩮᩣᨲ (Tai Tham script)
ໂສຕ or ໂສຕະ (Lao script)
សោត (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄮𑄖 (Chakma script)

Alternative forms

sotas (Latin script)
𑀲𑁄𑀢𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
सोतस् (Devanagari script)
সোতস্ (Bengali script)
සොතස් (Sinhalese script)
သောတသ် or သေႃတသ် (Burmese script)
โสตสฺ or โสตัส (Thai script)
ᩈᩮᩣᨲᩈ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
ໂສຕສ຺ or ໂສຕັສ (Lao script)
សោតស៑ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄮𑄖𑄥𑄴 (Chakma script)

Noun

sota n

Declension

Declension table of "sota" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	sotaṃ	sotāni
Accusative (second)	sotaṃ	sotāni
Instrumental (third)	sotena	sotehi or sotebhi
Dative (fourth)	sotassa or sotāya or sotatthaṃ	sotānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	sotasmā or sotamhā or sotā	sotehi or sotebhi
Genitive (sixth)	sotassa	sotānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	sotasmiṃ or sotamhi or sote	sotesu
Vocative (calling)	sota	sotāni

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “sota”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsota/
Rhymes: -ota
Syllabification: so‧ta

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Catalan sota, from Vulgar Latin *subta, from Latin subtus (“below”), which is derived from Latin sub. Cognate to French sous and Italian sotto.

Noun

sota f (plural sotas)

Preposition

sota

(obsolete) beneath, under

Derived terms

sota, caballo y rey

Etymology 2

Verb

sota

inflection of sotar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

References

^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Swedish

Etymology

sot (“soot”) +‎ -a

Verb

sota (present sotar, preterite sotade, supine sotat, imperative sota)

to sweep (clean soot (from))
Sotaren sotade skorstenen
The chimney sweep swept the chimney
(usually with ner (“down”)) to dirty with soot
Röken från fabriken sotade ner husväggarna
The smoke from the factory covered the walls of the houses in soot ("sooted down the house walls")
to soot ((deliberately) blacken (something) with soot)
sotade ögon
smoky ("sooted") eyes
to emit unwanted soot
Fotogenlampan sotar
The kerosene lamp is sooting
(idiomatic, with för) to face the unpleasant consequences of (something)
Det här ska du få sota för!
You will pay for this! ("This shall you get to soot for!")

Conjugation

Conjugation of sota (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	sota		sotas
Supine	sotat		sotats
Imperative	sota		—
Imper. plural¹	soten		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	sotar	sotade	sotas	sotades
Ind. plural¹	sota	sotade	sotas	sotades
Subjunctive²	sote	sotade	sotes	sotades
	Participles
Present participle	sotande
Past participle	sotad
¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sota.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsota/,
Hyphenation: so‧ta

Noun

sota (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜆ)

(card games) jack; knave
stable boy

Coordinate terms

Playing cards in Tagalog · baraha (layout · text)

alas	dos	tres	kuwatro	singko	seis	siyete

otso	nuwebe	diyes	kabayo, sota	reyna	hari	diyoker, payaso

References

“sota”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sotto (“under, beneath, underneath”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈso.ta/
Hyphenation: so‧ta

Adjective

sota

(slang) A convenient place, especially for a sinister scheme.

Declension

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predicative forms of sota

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	sotayım	sota mıyım?	sota değilim	sota değil miyim?
sen (you are)	sotasın	sota mısın?	sota değilsin	sota değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	sota / sotadır	sota mı?	sota değil	sota değil mi?
biz (we are)	sotayız	sota mıyız?	sota değiliz	sota değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	sotasınız	sota mısınız?	sota değilsiniz	sota değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	sota(lar)	sota(lar) mı?	sota değil(ler)	sota değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	sotaydım	sota mıydım?	sota değildim	sota değil miydim?
sen (you were)	sotaydın	sota mıydın?	sota değildin	sota değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	sotaydı	sota mıydı?	sota değildi	sota değil miydi?
biz (we were)	sotaydık	sota mıydık?	sota değildik	sota değil miydik?
siz (you were)	sotaydınız	sota mıydınız?	sota değildiniz	sota değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	sotaydılar	sota mıydılar?	sota değildi(ler) / değillerdi	sota değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	sotaymışım	sota mıymışım?	sota değilmişim	sota değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	sotaymışsın	sota mıymışsın?	sota değilmişsin	sota değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	sotaymış	sota mıymış?	sota değilmiş	sota değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	sotaymışız	sota mıymışız?	sota değilmişiz	sota değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	sotaymışsınız	sota mıymışsınız?	sota değilmişsiniz	sota değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	sotaymışlar	sota mıymışlar?	sota değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	sota değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	sotaysam	sota mıysam?	sota değilsem	sota değil miysem?
sen (if you)	sotaysan	sota mıysan?	sota değilsen	sota değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	sotaysa	sota mıysa?	sota değilse	sota değil miyse?
biz (if we)	sotaysak	sota mıysak?	sota değilsek	sota değil miysek?
siz (if you)	sotaysanız	sota mıysanız?	sota değilseniz	sota değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	sotaysalar	sota mıysalar?	sota değilseler / değillerse	sota değil miyseler?

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sota”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Playing cards in Spanish · cartas (layout · text)

as	dos	tres	cuatro	cinco	seis	siete

ocho	nueve	diez	sota	reina	rey	comodín

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia