specjalny

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Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Adapted borrowing of French spécial +‎ -ny.[1][2] First attested in 1656–1688.[3]

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -alnɘ
  • Syllabification: spe‧cjal‧ny

Adjective

specjalny (comparative bardziej specjalny or (uncommon) specjalniejszy, superlative najbardziej specjalny or (uncommon) najspecjalniejszy, derived adverb specjalnie, abbreviation spec. or specj.)

  1. special (one whose character and function are strictly defined and different from other, typical ones)
    Antonym: typowy
  2. special (distinguished by a unique or unusual quality)
    Synonyms: nadzwyczajny, szczególny
    Antonym: niespecjalny
  3. (euphemistic) special (of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities)
  4. special (related to particularly important and difficult activities, entrusted only to selected people)
  5. (obsolete) special (chief in excellence)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dobry

Declension

Derived terms

nouns

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), specjalny is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 44 times in scientific texts, 62 times in news, 21 times in essays, 7 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 138 times, making it the 435th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

References

  1. ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “specjalny”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
  2. ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “specjalny”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  3. ^ SPECJALNY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 31.03.2016
  4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “specjalny”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 543

Further reading