spodrs

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Latvian

Etymology

From the same source as spīdēt (to shine) (q.v.): a stem *spīd-, probably borrowed from Iranian, nasalized in Baltic to *spīnd-; its ablaut alternants *spend-, *spand- yielded *spuod-, hence dialectal spods and, with an extra r, standard spodrs. (From a yo-stem variant came Latvian spožs (bright), q.v.).[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

spodrs (definite spodrais, comparative spodrāks, superlative visspodrākais, adverb spodri)

  1. shiny, lustrous, glossy, bright (such that its surface, because of smoothness, color or cleanness, reflects light well)
    spodras logu rūtisshiny window panes
    spodras palodzesshiny, lustrous windowsills
    spodrs papīrsglossy paper
    spodras tapetesglossy wallpaper
    ar eļļas krāsu krāsotas grīdas pēc nomazgāšanas var pārklāt ar caurspīdīgu laku; tāda grīda ir ļoti spodrafloors painted with oil paint can be covered with transparent lacquer after washing; such floor(s) are very shiny
  2. perfectly, spotlessly clean
    spodra veļaspotless linen
    spodra virtuvespotless kitchen
    spodrs kreklsspotless shirt
    spodri traukispotless dishes
    uz vadža karājas spodrs dvielis, bļodā ieliets ūdenson the pegs a clean towel was hanging, in the basin water had been poured
  3. cleanly, tidily, smartly dressed
    pēc skata vīrs rādījās aprūpēts un apkopts, spodrs un kārtīgsexternally, the man looked well groomed and well kept, clean and tidy
  4. (figuratively) shining; which corresponds to high expectations
    bet vai spodru tautas tikumu, / veidojies kas ilgi cilšu ciltīs, / tikpat viegli pārkāpt, atmest var?but can one so easily disrespect or even abandon the shining folk traditions, / which formed themselves during a long time, in tribes of tribes (= among the tribes)?
  5. (of lights, light sources; also eyes) relatively bright
    auksta un nežēlīgi spodra ir mēnesnīca; viss apklusis un aizsnidziscold and cruelly bright is the moonlight; everything (was) silent and covered with snow
    tēvs raudzījās klusi tai pašā vientuļajā zvaigznīte, kas ar katru acumirkli kļuva spodrāka un spožākafather looked silently at that same solitary little star that, with every passing moment, became lighter and brighter
    viņa pasmaidīja, tīrām, spodrām acīm skatīdamāsshe smiled, looking with (her) clean, bright eyes
  6. (of places, times, areas) relatively bright; such that relatively bright light spreads in it
    saule patlaban norietēja, un pie spodrajām vakara debesīm iedegās pirmās zvaigznesthe sun was now setting, and on the bright evening sky the first stars lit up
  7. (of sounds) bright, sonorous
    kora skanīgums gan dažkārt ir dzirdēts spodrāks un skaidrāks izstrādājumāthe sonorousness of the choir is sometimes heard brighter and clearer in (= during) its realization

Declension

Synonyms

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References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spodrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN