sspd

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Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ spd (to be sharp).

Pronunciation

Verb

ssp
d
M44Y1

 caus. 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to sharpen
  2. (transitive) to make ready, to prepare
  3. (transitive) to supply (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of sspd (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sspd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sspd
sspdw, sspd
sspdt
sspd
sspd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sspd
ḥr sspd
m sspd
r sspd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sspd.n
sspdw, sspd
consecutive sspd.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sspdt
perfective3 sspd
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 sspd.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sspd
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sspdw, sspd, sspdy
sspdw, sspd, sspdy
potentialis1 sspd.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sspd
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sspd.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective sspd
active + .tj1, .tw2
sspd
sspd, sspdw5, sspdy5
imperfective sspd, sspdy, sspdw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
sspd, sspdj6, sspdy6
sspd, sspdw5
prospective sspd, sspdtj7
sspdwtj1 4, sspdtj4, sspdt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 185, 357.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163