straujš
Latvian
Alternative forms
Etymology
With an epenthetic t, from Proto-Baltic *sraujas, an old yo-stem adjective, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”), from *ser- (“to flow, to move quickly”) (from a form *er-, *r̥- (“to twist, to become twisted, agitated”)) with an extra -w, similarly to another stem derived from the same form, *rew-, *row- (“to run, to rush; to split, to pluck, to dig”).) The semantic evolution was probably “flowing” > “moving rapidly” > “quick, fast.” Cognates include Lithuanian sraũjas, sraunùs (“rapidly flowing”) (dialectal straũjas), sraujà (“current, torrent”), Old Church Slavonic струꙗ (struja), Russian струя́ (strujá), Bulgarian стру́я (strúja, “squirt”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
straujš (definite straujais, comparative straujāks, superlative visstraujākais, adverb strauji)
- fast, quick, rapid (streaming, flowing rapidly)
- strauja upe ― fast, rapid river
- straujš strauts, ūdens ― fast stream, water
- strauja straume ― rapid current
- fast, quick (capable of fast movement)
- straujš zirgs ― fast horse
- fast, quick, rapid (which happens fast; having high speed)
- straujas kustības ― rapid movements
- straujš brauciens ― fast trip
- straujš usbrukums ― fast attack
- strauja attistība ― quick development
- strauja rotācija ― fast rotation
- straujš ritms ― fast rhythm, tempo
- strauja uguns, liesma ― quick fire, flame
- braukt straujiem rikšiem ― to ride at high speed (lit. with quick trot)
- quick to become angry, short-tempered, temperamental
- straujš raksturs, strauja daba ― a short-tempered (lit. quick) character, nature
- Jānis Pekarskis bija nervozs, straujas dabas ― Jānis Pekarskis was nervous, of temperamental nature
Declension
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | straujš | strauji | strauja | straujas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | strauju | straujus | strauju | straujas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | strauja | strauju | straujas | strauju | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | straujam | straujiem | straujai | straujām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | strauju | straujiem | strauju | straujām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | straujā | straujos | straujā | straujās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “straujš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN