suka

Asi

Noun

suka

1. (anatomy) bone

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сука (suka).

Noun

suka (definite accusative sukanı, plural sukalar)

1. (vulgar, offensive) bitch (contemptible person, usually but not necessarily female)
2. (prison slang) snitch, inmate who collaborates with prison administration

Declension

Further reading

• “suka” in Obastan.com.

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/,

Noun

súka

1. vomit; puke

   Synonyms: digwa, sukalkag

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Ilocano suka and Maranao soka'.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/,

Noun

sukà

1. vinegar

Derived terms

Cebuano

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (General Cebuano)
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/,
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

suka

1. vomit

Verb

suka

1. to vomit; to puke
2. (figuratively) to squeal; to reveal a secret

Derived terms

• dugso

Etymology 2

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (General Cebuano)
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/,
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

suka

1. vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid

References

Estonian

Noun

suka

1. genitive singular of sukk

Fijian

Etymology

From English sugar.

Noun

suka

1. sugar

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śuka, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “awn (of grain)”)). Alternative theory suggests more recent borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian suka). Cognate with Kildin Sami чоагкь (čågk’), Erzya сюва (śuva).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/,
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. A brush, especially one used for brushing animals.
2. currycomb

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• harja

Further reading

• “suka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• -ksua, Saku, saku

Fula

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

suka (plural sukaaɓe ɓe)

1. young man, young person

Usage notes

• Used in Pular.

Related terms

References

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

Ilocano

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /suˈka/,

Noun

suká

1. vinegar

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• Rhymes: -ka, -a

Noun

suka (first-person possessive sukaku, second-person possessive sukamu, third-person possessive sukanya)

1. pleasure

Verb

suka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai)

1. like

   Dia suka memasak.

   She likes to cook.

2. love

Synonyms

• (like): senang, gemar
• (love): gemar, cinta

Derived terms

Further reading

• “suka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suka. Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/,
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. comb

Declension

Derived terms

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547

Japanese

Romanization

suka

1. Rōmaji transcription of すか
2. Rōmaji transcription of スカ

Latvian

Etymology 1

There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).

Noun

suka f (4th declension)

1. brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)

   drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush

   matu suka ― hairbrush

   zobu suka ― toothbrush

   zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb

   saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush

   tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush

Declension

Derived terms

• zobu suka

Related terms

• sukāt

See also

• ķemme
• ota
• slota

Etymology 2

From Russian сука (suka).

Noun

suka f (4th declension)

1. (vulgar) bitch

References

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ka
• Rhymes: -a

Verb

suka (Jawi spelling سوک)

1. to like, to love

Noun

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka, informal 1st possessive sukaku, 2nd possessive sukamu, 3rd possessive sukanya)

1. happiness, joy

Derived terms

Descendants

• Indonesian: suka
• → Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah)
• → Teochew: 舒合 (su¹ gah⁴)

References

• Edi Sedyawati, Ellya Iswati, Kusparyati Boedhijono, Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994) Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 336
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “سوک soeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 38
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “سوک suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 421
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 495
• "suka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

Further reading

• “suka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Pali

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compare Sanskrit शुक (śuka).

Noun

suka m

1. parrot

Declension

Synonyms

• suva
• kīra

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488.

Phuthi

Verb

-suka

1. to go away, to leave

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.

Sense #3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ka/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: su‧ka

Noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

1. bitch (female dog)
2. (derogatory, vulgar) bitch
3. (slang) police van

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

• → Vilamovian: su̇ka

Further reading

• suka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• suka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Quechua

Noun

suka

1. furrow
2. whistle, whistling noise

Usage notes

Not to be confused with suk'a, sukha.

Declension

See also

• sukay

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/

Noun

suka f (declension pattern of žena)

1. bitch

   Synonyms: fena f, fenka f

Declension

Derived terms

• sučí
• sučka f

Further reading

• “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-suka (infinitive kusuka)

1. to shake
2. to braid, weave

Conjugation

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -sukia
  • Conversive: -sukua (“loosen, untwist”)
  • Passive: -sukwa
  • Reduplicative: -sukasuka (“disturb, worry”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • masuko (“shaking, excitement”)
  • msuka (“braider”)
  • msukosuko (“unrest, turmoil”)
  • msusi (“braider”)

Swazi

Verb

-suka

1. to move away

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• suca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/,

Noun

suka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vomit

   Synonyms: duwal, lungad, (obsolete) alibukay

2. vomiting; emesis

   Synonyms: duwal, (obsolete) alibukay

Derived terms

See also

• lungad

Etymology 2

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/,

Noun

sukà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vinegar
2. (by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)

Derived terms

See also

• sinigang

References

• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 156
• Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎ (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 52
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier

Further reading

• “suka” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “suka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• kusa

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to split
2. (transitive) to crack
3. (transitive) to break

Conjugation

Etymology 2

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) +‎ suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to like

Noun

suka

1. a like, something that is liked

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tsonga

Verb

suka

1. to leave

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suka.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/,
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. comb
2. crest (of a horse)

Inflection

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suka”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Wallisian

Etymology

Borrowed from English sugar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su.ka/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. sugar

Waray-Waray

Noun

sukà

1. vinegar

West Makian

Etymology

From Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.ka/

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to like
2. (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something)
3. (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something)

   coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit

Usage notes

As a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated.

Conjugation

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-súka

1. (intransitive) to be lost

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya.

Verb

-suka

1. (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself
2. (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off
3. (intransitive) to originate

Inflection