summa

See also: Summa and šumma

English

Etymology

From Latin summa.

Noun

summa (plural summas or summae)

A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
(figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
- 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:
  In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.
- 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:
  The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.
- 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:
  Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.

Related terms

summa cum laude

Anagrams

Mumas, maums, ummas

Estonian

Etymology

From Latin summa.

Noun

summa (genitive summa, partitive summat)

sum

Declension

Declension of summa (type pere)

	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summad
genitive	summa	summade
partitive	summat	summasid
illative	summasse	summadesse
inessive	summas	summades
elative	summast	summadest
allative	summale	summadele
adessive	summal	summadel
ablative	summalt	summadelt
translative	summaks	summadeks
terminative	summani	summadeni
essive	summana	summadena
abessive	summata	summadeta
comitative	summaga	summadega

Finnish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin summa, probably through Swedish summa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/,
Rhymes: -umːɑ
Syllabification^(key): sum‧ma

Noun

summa

(mathematics, uncommon) addition
Synonyms: yhteenlasku, pluslasku, summaus
sum (result of addition)
(in particular) sum, amount (especially of money)
Synonyms: rahasumma, potti

Declension

Inflection of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		summa	summat
genitive		summan	summien
partitive		summaa	summia
illative		summaan	summiin
		singular	plural
nominative		summa	summat
accusative	nom.	summa	summat
accusative	gen.	summan	summat
genitive		summan	summien summain^rare
partitive		summaa	summia
inessive		summassa	summissa
elative		summasta	summista
illative		summaan	summiin
adessive		summalla	summilla
ablative		summalta	summilta
allative		summalle	summille
essive		summana	summina
translative		summaksi	summiksi
abessive		summatta	summitta
instructive		—	summin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		summani	summani
accusative	nom.	summani	summani
accusative	gen.	summani	summani
genitive		summani	summieni summaini^rare
partitive		summaani	summiani
inessive		summassani	summissani
elative		summastani	summistani
illative		summaani	summiini
adessive		summallani	summillani
ablative		summaltani	summiltani
allative		summalleni	summilleni
essive		summanani	summinani
translative		summakseni	summikseni
abessive		summattani	summittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	summineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		summasi	summasi
accusative	nom.	summasi	summasi
accusative	gen.	summasi	summasi
genitive		summasi	summiesi summaisi^rare
partitive		summaasi	summiasi
inessive		summassasi	summissasi
elative		summastasi	summistasi
illative		summaasi	summiisi
adessive		summallasi	summillasi
ablative		summaltasi	summiltasi
allative		summallesi	summillesi
essive		summanasi	summinasi
translative		summaksesi	summiksesi
abessive		summattasi	summittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	summinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		summamme	summamme
accusative	nom.	summamme	summamme
accusative	gen.	summamme	summamme
genitive		summamme	summiemme summaimme^rare
partitive		summaamme	summiamme
inessive		summassamme	summissamme
elative		summastamme	summistamme
illative		summaamme	summiimme
adessive		summallamme	summillamme
ablative		summaltamme	summiltamme
allative		summallemme	summillemme
essive		summanamme	summinamme
translative		summaksemme	summiksemme
abessive		summattamme	summittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	summinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		summanne	summanne
accusative	nom.	summanne	summanne
accusative	gen.	summanne	summanne
genitive		summanne	summienne summainne^rare
partitive		summaanne	summianne
inessive		summassanne	summissanne
elative		summastanne	summistanne
illative		summaanne	summiinne
adessive		summallanne	summillanne
ablative		summaltanne	summiltanne
allative		summallenne	summillenne
essive		summananne	summinanne
translative		summaksenne	summiksenne
abessive		summattanne	summittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	summinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		summansa	summansa
accusative	nom.	summansa	summansa
accusative	gen.	summansa	summansa
genitive		summansa	summiensa summainsa^rare
partitive		summaansa	summiaan summiansa
inessive		summassaan summassansa	summissaan summissansa
elative		summastaan summastansa	summistaan summistansa
illative		summaansa	summiinsa
adessive		summallaan summallansa	summillaan summillansa
ablative		summaltaan summaltansa	summiltaan summiltansa
allative		summalleen summallensa	summilleen summillensa
essive		summanaan summanansa	summinaan summinansa
translative		summakseen summaksensa	summikseen summiksensa
abessive		summattaan summattansa	summittaan summittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	summineen summinensa

Derived terms

adjectives

adverbs

summittain

verbs

compounds

idioms

osiensa summa

Anagrams

ammus, sammu, samum

Icelandic

Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:

summa

Wikipedia ^is

Etymology

From Latin summa (“sum, summary, total”).

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -ʏmːa

Noun

summa f (genitive singular summu, nominative plural summur)

(arithmetic) a sum; (a quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)

Declension

declension of summa

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
f-w1	singular		plural
nominative	summa	summan	summur	summurnar
accusative	summu	summuna	summur	summurnar
dative	summu	summunni	summum	summunum
genitive	summu	summunnar	summa	summanna

Derived terms

bein summa (“direct sum”)
dálksamtala (“column total”)
dálksumma (“column total”)
deilasumma (“divisor sum”)
dulritunargátsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
dulritunarprófsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
ferningasumma (“sum of squares”)
ferningssumma frávika (“deviance”)
gátsumma (“checksum”)
heildarsumma (“grand total, total, total sum”)
hjátrefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
hlutsumma (“partial sum”)
hornasumma (“angle sum”)
liðun í beina summu (“direct decomposition”)
línusamtala (“row total”)
línusumma (“row total”)
lokasumma (“total, total sum”)
núllsummuleikur (“zero-sum game”)
prófsumma (“checksum”)
summuaðferð (“method of summation”)
summuferill (“ogive”)
summumyndum (“summation”)
summumyndunaraðferð (“method of summation”)
summustúfur (“partial sum”)
summutákn (“summation sign”)
trefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
tvíveldasumma (“sum of squares”)
tætisumma (“hash total”)
undirsumma (“lower sum”)
vigursumma (“resultant vector, vectorial sum”)
víxlmerkjasumma (“alternating sum”)
yfirsumma (“upper sum”)
þversumma (“digit sum, transverse sum”)

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сумма (summa).

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/,
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/,
Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
Hyphenation: sum‧ma

Noun

summa

sum, amount

Declension

Declension of summa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summat
genitive	summan	summiin
partitive	summaa	summia
illative	summaa	summii
inessive	summaas	summiis
elative	summast	summist
allative	summalle	summille
adessive	summaal	summiil
ablative	summalt	summilt
translative	summaks	summiks
essive	summanna, summaan	summinna, summiin
exessive¹⁾	summant	summint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

suursummain

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Latin

Etymology 1

From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

summa: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,
summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,
summā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/,
summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,

Noun

summa f (genitive summae); first declension

top, summit, highest point or place
the principal or main thing
(also mathematics) sum, summary, total
(Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
- c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:
  Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti
  A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	summa	summae
Genitive	summae	summārum
Dative	summae	summīs
Accusative	summam	summās
Ablative	summā	summīs
Vocative	summa	summae

Derived terms

Related terms

superus

Descendants

→ Albanian: shumë
Aromanian: sumã
→ Catalan: suma
→ English: summa, sum
French: somme
Friulian: sume
Galician: soma
→ German: Summe, Summa
→ Irish: suim
Italian: somma
→ Old Polish: suma (learned)
- Masurian: suma
- Polish: suma
- Silesian: suma
Portuguese: soma
→ Romanian: sumă
→ Russian: су́мма (súmma)
Sicilian: suma
Spanish: soma
→ Spanish: suma

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

summa: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,
summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,
summā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/,
summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,

Adjective

summa

inflection of summus:
1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

summā

ablative feminine singular of summus

Etymology 3

From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/,

Noun

summa

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

References

“summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
summa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
- to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
- to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
- to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
- to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere
- to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
- to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
- to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
- to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
- to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
- to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
- to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
- (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua
- (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
- (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
- (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
- (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo
- (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse
- (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
- (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere
- (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
- (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
- (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
- (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
- (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
- (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
- (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
- (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
- (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax