surmener

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French

Etymology

From sur- +‎ mener.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /syʁ.mə.ne/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

surmener

  1. to overwork

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il surmène and the third-person singular future indicative il surmènera.

Conjugation of surmener (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple surmener
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple surmenant
/syʁ.mə.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle surmené
/syʁ.mə.ne/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present surmène
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmènes
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmène
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmenons
/syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ 		surmenez
/syʁ.mə.ne/ 		surmènent
/syʁ.mɛn/
imperfect surmenais
/syʁ.mə.nɛ/ 		surmenais
/syʁ.mə.nɛ/ 		surmenait
/syʁ.mə.nɛ/ 		surmenions
/syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ 		surmeniez
/syʁ.mə.nje/ 		surmenaient
/syʁ.mə.nɛ/
past historic2 surmenai
/syʁ.mə.ne/ 		surmenas
/syʁ.mə.na/ 		surmena
/syʁ.mə.na/ 		surmenâmes
/syʁ.mə.nam/ 		surmenâtes
/syʁ.mə.nat/ 		surmenèrent
/syʁ.mə.nɛʁ/
future surmènerai
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ 		surmèneras
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ 		surmènera
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ 		surmènerons
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ 		surmènerez
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ 		surmèneront
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/
conditional surmènerais
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ 		surmènerais
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ 		surmènerait
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ 		surmènerions
/syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		surmèneriez
/syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁje/ 		surmèneraient
/syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present surmène
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmènes
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmène
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		surmenions
/syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ 		surmeniez
/syʁ.mə.nje/ 		surmènent
/syʁ.mɛn/
imperfect2 surmenasse
/syʁ.mə.nas/ 		surmenasses
/syʁ.mə.nas/ 		surmenât
/syʁ.mə.na/ 		surmenassions
/syʁ.mə.na.sjɔ̃/ 		surmenassiez
/syʁ.mə.na.sje/ 		surmenassent
/syʁ.mə.nas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — surmène
/syʁ.mɛn/ 		— surmenons
/syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ 		surmenez
/syʁ.mə.ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

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