Inherited from Old French surveillier. By surface analysis, sur- + veiller, corresponding to Latin super (“on top of”) + vigilō (“to watch”). Cognate with English surveil.
surveiller
| infinitive | simple | surveiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | surveillant /syʁ.vɛ.jɑ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | surveillé /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveilles /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveillons /syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/ |
surveillez /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/ |
surveillent /syʁ.vɛj/ |
| imperfect | surveillais /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/ |
surveillais /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/ |
surveillait /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/ |
surveillions /syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/ |
surveilliez /syʁ.vɛj.je/ |
surveillaient /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surveillai /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/ |
surveillas /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/ |
surveilla /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/ |
surveillâmes /syʁ.vɛ.jam/ or /syʁ.ve.jam/ |
surveillâtes /syʁ.vɛ.jat/ or /syʁ.ve.jat/ |
surveillèrent /syʁ.vɛ.jɛʁ/ or /syʁ.ve.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | surveillerai /syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/ |
surveilleras /syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/ |
surveillera /syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/ |
surveillerons /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/ |
surveillerez /syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/ |
surveilleront /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surveillerais /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ |
surveillerais /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ |
surveillerait /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ |
surveillerions /syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surveilleriez /syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.ve.jə.ʁje/ |
surveilleraient /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveilles /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ |
surveillions /syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/ |
surveilliez /syʁ.vɛj.je/ |
surveillent /syʁ.vɛj/ |
| imperfect2 | surveillasse /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/ |
surveillasses /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/ |
surveillât /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or /syʁ.ve.ja/ |
surveillassions /syʁ.vɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
surveillassiez /syʁ.vɛ.ja.sje/ or /syʁ.ve.ja.sje/ |
surveillassent /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or /syʁ.ve.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ |
— | surveillons /syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/ |
surveillez /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or /syʁ.ve.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
surveiller
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-eill, *-eills, *-eillt are modified to eil, euz, eut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.