sverja

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Pronunciation

Verb

sverja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative sór, third-person plural past indicative sóru, supine svarið)

  1. to swear (make an oath)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

Verb

sverja (present tense sver, past tense svor, past participle svore, passive infinitive sverjast, present participle sverjande, imperative sver)

  1. to swear

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Old English swerian ( > English swear), Old Frisian swera ( > West Frisian swarre) Old Saxon swerian ( > Low German swören, sweren), Old High German sweren, swerien ( > German schwören), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran).

Verb

sverja (singular present indicative sverr, singular past indicative svarði or sór, plural past indicative sóru, past participle svarinn)

  1. to swear

Conjugation

The verb can be conjugated either as a class 6 strong verb, or as a class 1 weak short-stem verb (retaining the strong present participle).

Conjugation of sverja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive sverja
present participle sverjandi
past participle svarinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular sver svarða
2nd-person singular sverr svarðir
3rd-person singular sverr svarði
1st-person plural sverjum svǫrðum
2nd-person plural sverið svǫrðuð
3rd-person plural sverja svǫrðu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular sverja sverða
2nd-person singular sverir sverðir
3rd-person singular sveri sverði
1st-person plural sverim sverðim
2nd-person plural sverið sverðið
3rd-person plural sveri sverði
imperative present
2nd-person singular sver
1st-person plural sverjum
2nd-person plural sverið
Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive sverjask
present participle sverjandisk
past participle svarizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular sverjumk svǫrðumk
2nd-person singular sversk svarðisk
3rd-person singular sversk svarðisk
1st-person plural sverjumsk svǫrðumsk
2nd-person plural sverizk svǫrðuzk
3rd-person plural sverjask svǫrðusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular sverjumk sverðumk
2nd-person singular sverisk sverðisk
3rd-person singular sverisk sverðisk
1st-person plural sverimsk sverðimsk
2nd-person plural sverizk sverðizk
3rd-person plural sverisk sverðisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular sversk
1st-person plural sverjumsk
2nd-person plural sverizk
Conjugation of sverja — active (strong class 6)
infinitive sverja
present participle sverjandi
past participle svarinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular sver sór
2nd-person singular sverr sórt
3rd-person singular sverr sór
1st-person plural sverjum sórum
2nd-person plural sverið sóruð
3rd-person plural sverja sóru
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular sverja sœra
2nd-person singular sverir sœrir
3rd-person singular sveri sœri
1st-person plural sverim sœrim
2nd-person plural sverið sœrið
3rd-person plural sveri sœri
imperative present
2nd-person singular sver
1st-person plural sverjum
2nd-person plural sverið
Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive sverjask
present participle sverjandisk
past participle svarizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular sverjumk sórumk
2nd-person singular sversk sórzk
3rd-person singular sversk sórsk
1st-person plural sverjumsk sórumsk
2nd-person plural sverizk sóruzk
3rd-person plural sverjask sórusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular sverjumk sœrumk
2nd-person singular sverisk sœrisk
3rd-person singular sverisk sœrisk
1st-person plural sverimsk sœrimsk
2nd-person plural sverizk sœrizk
3rd-person plural sverisk sœrisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular sversk
1st-person plural sverjumsk
2nd-person plural sverizk

Descendants

References

  • “sverja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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