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swꜣj. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
swꜣj, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
swꜣj in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Egyptian
Etymology 1
Compare Hebrew שׁור (“to journey”), Arabic سَارَ (sāra, “to depart, travel”).
Pronunciation
Verb
4ae inf.
- (intransitive) to go past, to physically pass (+ ḥr: to pass by (a person, place, or afterworldly being); also, to pass through (a gate), to pass along (a path); + r: to)
c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE,
The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 14–15:
- swꜣ.n.j ḥr jꜣbtjw jkw nb-ḏw-(d)š(r)
- I passed by the east side of the Tura quarry the Lad of the Red Mountain.
- (transitive, uncommon) to go past, to pass by (someone or something)
- (transitive, uncommon) to overtake, to pass (someone moving in the same direction)
- (intransitive, with ḥr) to stop by at, to visit in passing, to drop in on (a tomb, sacrificial altar, statue, or other place to remember the dead)
- (intransitive) to come to an end, to pass
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.6–1.7:
- ẖz pw ḥnt n ẖt.f swꜣ tr smḫ.n.f wstn ẖt m pr.sn
- He who is greedy for the sake of his belly when the proper time passes, having forgotten those in whose house his belly roams free, is a wretch.
- (intransitive, euphemistic) to die, to pass away
- (intransitive, with ḥr) to pass over, to overlook, to take no heed of (people, laws, etc.)
- (intransitive, with ḥr, of information) to escape (one’s) knowledge, to slip past (someone)
Inflection
Conjugation of swꜣj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: swꜣ
suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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perfect
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swꜣ.n
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swꜣw, swꜣ, swꜣy
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consecutive
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swꜣ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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swꜣt
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perfective3
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swꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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swꜣ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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swꜣ, swꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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swꜣw, swꜣ, swꜣy
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swꜣ
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potentialis1
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swꜣ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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swꜣ, swꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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swꜣ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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swꜣw1, swꜣy, swꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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swꜣ
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swꜣy, swꜣ
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imperfective
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swꜣ, swꜣy, swꜣw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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swꜣ, swꜣj6, swꜣy6
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swꜣ, swꜣw5
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prospective
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swꜣw1, swꜣy, swꜣ, swꜣtj7
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—
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swꜣwtj1 4, swꜣtj4, swꜣt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
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Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swꜣj
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swꜣj
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swꜣj
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swꜣj
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swꜣj
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swꜣj
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swꜣj
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in hieratic
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abbreviation
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abbreviation
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Etymology 2
s- (causative prefix) + wꜣj (“to be far”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to keep or drive (someone) away, to remove (someone) (+ m: from (a place))
- (transitive) to drive away (darkness or night)
Inflection
Conjugation of swꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: swꜣ, geminated stem: swꜣꜣ
suffix conjugation
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
swꜣ.n
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swꜣw, swꜣ, swꜣy
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consecutive
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swꜣ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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swꜣt
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perfective3
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swꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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swꜣ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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swꜣ, swꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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swꜣw, swꜣ, swꜣy
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swꜣw, swꜣ, swꜣy
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potentialis1
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swꜣ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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swꜣ, swꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
|
aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
swꜣ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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swꜣw1, swꜣy, swꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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swꜣ
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swꜣy, swꜣ
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imperfective
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swꜣꜣ, swꜣꜣy, swꜣꜣw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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swꜣꜣ, swꜣꜣj6, swꜣꜣy6
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swꜣꜣ, swꜣꜣw5
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prospective
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swꜣw1, swꜣy, swꜣ, swꜣtj7
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—
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swꜣwtj1 4, swꜣtj4, swꜣt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swꜣj
References
- “swꜣi̯ (lemma ID 129740)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “swꜣi̯ (lemma ID 129800)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 60.5–61.20
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 216
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 242, 255, 262.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 129
- ^ The latter part of this sentence is ambiguous and can be interpreted in numerous ways. Both swꜣ tr (“(when) the proper time passes”) and smḫ.n.f wstn ẖt m pr.sn (“he has forgotten/having forgotten…, etc.”) may be taken either as adverbial clauses (as rendered here) or main clauses. Furthermore, if wstn is taken as a participle rather than a relative form, the phrase it introduces could mean ‘he whose belly roams free at home’ rather than ‘those in whose house his belly roams free’; in this case the preceding perfect verb form smḫ.n demands a different interpretation. One possible solution is to read it with a counterfactual meaning ‘would that he forgot…’ instead of ‘he has forgotten…’; this is substantially the tack taken in Simpson 2003, The Literature of Ancient Egypt. Such counterfactual uses of the bare perfect are, however, rare. Another solution is that taken in Allen 2015, Middle Egyptian Literature, who reinterprets smḫ.n.f as smḫ nf (“those forget…”), taking nf as a pronoun referring to the “multitude” mentioned several sentences prior. This proposed antecedent is, however, far enough removed as to make such an interpretation doubtful.