sy

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sy"

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /səi/

Etymology 1

From Dutch zij, from Middle Dutch si.

Pronoun

sy (object haar, possessive haar)

she (subject)

Alternative forms

sij (obsolete)

Etymology 2

From Dutch zijn.

Determiner

sy

his
its

Alternative forms

sij (obsolete)
sijn (obsolete)
syn (obsolete)

Etymology 3

From Dutch zijde, zij, from Middle Dutch side, from Old Dutch *sīda, from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ.

Noun

sy (plural sye)

side

Etymology 4

From Dutch zijde, zij, from Middle Dutch side, from Old Dutch *sīda, from Latin sēda.

Noun

sy (uncountable)

silk

Etymology 5

Verb

sy

present subjunctive of wees

Albanian

Alternative forms

saj (Central Gheg) ^[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *asī, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷih₁ (dual), from singular *h₃okʷ- (compare Lithuanian akìs, Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse, “eyes”), English eye).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sy/

Noun

sy m (plural sy, definite syri, definite plural sytë)

(anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of sy

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sy	syri	sy	sytë
accusative	sy	syrin	sy	sytë
dative	syri	syrit	syve	syve
ablative	syri	syrit	sysh	syve

Derived terms

syze
syth

References

^ “Dil te kroni cuco” (“Go out to the fountain my young lady”), 00m45s, by Sinan Vllasaliu (Kosovar known singer, from Prishtina).

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sýja, from Proto-Germanic *siwjaną, cognate with Swedish sy, English sew. The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁- (“to sew”), which is also the source of Latin suō, Sanskrit सीव्यति (sī́vyati), Lithuanian siū́ti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /syː/,
Homophone: syg

Verb

sy (present tense syr or syer, past syede, past participle syet)

sew
stitch

Conjugation

Inflection of sy

	present	past
simple	syr or syer	syede
perfect	har syet	havde syet
passive	sys or syes	syedes
participle	syende	syet
imperative	sy	—
infinitive	sy	—
auxiliary verb	have	—
gerund	syen	—

Derived terms

References

“sy” in Den Danske Ordbog

Egyptian

Romanization

sy

Alternative transliteration of zy.

Guaraní

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Old Tupi sy

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɨ/

(Paraguayan Guarani, Eastern Guarani, Southwestern Guarani) IPA^(key): , .
Rhymes: -ɨ

Noun

sy (plural sykuéra)

mother, mom
Che sy sa'y ohayhuvéva ha'e hovy.
My mother's favorite colour is blue.

Indonesian

Pronoun

sy

(text messaging) Abbreviation of saya.
Synonyms: gw, w

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *esi.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Verb

sy

second-person singular present of byś

Malay

Pronoun

sy

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of saya (“I”).

Middle English

Noun

sy

Alternative form of siȝe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sýja.

Verb

sy (imperative sy, present tense syr, simple past sydde, past participle sydd)

to sew
to stitch

Derived terms

References

“sy” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sýja, from Proto-Germanic *siwjaną.

Verb

sy (present tense syr, past tense sydde, past participle sytt/sydd, passive infinitive syast, present participle syande, imperative sy)

(transitive) to sew
(transitive, ergative) to stitch

Derived terms

Related terms

saum m

Etymology 2

Short form of syde.

Verb

sy (present tense syd, past tense saud, supine sodi)

(pre-1959) alternative form of syde

References

“sy” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /syː/

Verb

sȳ

Alternative form of sīe

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

xy

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.^[1]

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɨ/
Rhymes: -ɨ
Hyphenation: sy

Noun

sy (possessable)

mother (one's female parent)
Synonym: a'i

Hyponym: a'ysy
(figurative) origin; beginning

Synonyms

mãîa

Derived terms

Adjective

sy (noun form sy)

motherful (having a mother)

Declension

Declension of sy (S-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deadjectivals
Causative	mondy
-ba'e	i xyba'e
-sab(a)	sŷaba / sysaba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe sy	nde sy	i xy	oré sy	îandé sy	pe sy
Imperative		nde sy				pe sy
Permissive	ta xe sy	ta nde sy	t'i xy	t'oré sy	t'îandé sy	ta pe sy
Negative indicative	na xe syî	na nde syî	n'i xyî	n'oré syî	n'îandé syî	na pe syî
Negative imperative		nde sy umẽ				pe sy umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe sy umẽ	ta nde sy umẽ	t'i xy umẽ	t'oré sy umẽ	t'îandé sy umẽ	ta pe sy umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe syramo	nde syramo	o syramo	oré syramo	îandé syramo	pe syramo
Negative	xe sye'ymamo	nde sye'ymamo	o sye'ymamo	oré sye'ymamo	îandé sye'ymamo	pe sye'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	sy
Negative	sye'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund¹
Affirmative	xe syû²		i xyû²	oré syû²	îandé syû²
Negative	same as gerund¹
Negative	xe sye'ymi²		i xye'ymi²	oré sye'ymi²	îandé sye'ymi²
¹South Tupi ²North Tupi

References

^ Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 569

Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts]‎ (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “sy”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 450, column 1

Portuguese

Pronoun

sy

Obsolete spelling of si.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse sýja.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Verb

sy (present syr, preterite sydde, supine sytt, imperative sy)

to sew

Conjugation

Conjugation of sy (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	sy		sys
Supine	sytt		sytts
Imperative	sy		—
Imper. plural¹	syn		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	syr	sydde	sys	syddes
Ind. plural¹	sy	sydde	sys	syddes
Subjunctive²	sy	sydde	sys	syddes
	Participles
Present participle	syende
Past participle	sydd
¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

Related terms

Upper Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɨ/
Rhymes: -ɨ
Syllabification: sy

Verb

sy

second-person singular present of być
Ty sy rjany.
You are beautiful.

Welsh

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /sɨː/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /siː/
Rhymes: -ɨː

Verb

sy (not mutable)

Alternative form of sydd

West Frisian

Pronunciation

(Clay) IPA^(key): /sɛi̯/
(Wood) IPA^(key): /si/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /sə/

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *iz and *hiz. For the sibilant onset, compare other West Germanic cognates (Dutch zij, German Sie, and possibly English she).^[1]

Pronoun

sy

she (third-person singular feminine pronoun)
Synonym: hja

Sy die.
She did.

Inflection

West Frisian personal pronouns

Number	Person		Nominative	Objective		Possessive
Number	Person		Nominative	Normal	Reflexive	Determiner	Pronoun
Singular	First		ik	my	mysels	myn	mines
	Second	Informal	do/dû¹	dy	dysels	dyn	dines
	Second	Formal	jo	jo	josels	jo	jowes
	Third	Masculine	hy	him	himsels	syn	sines
		Feminine	sy/hja¹	har	harsels	har	harres
		Neuter	it	it	himsels	syn	sines
Plural	First		wy	ús	ússels	ús	uzes
	Second		jim(me)	jim(me)	jimsels/jinsels	jim(me)	jimmes
	Third		sy/hja¹	har(ren)	harsels	har(ren)	harres
^1. Now mostly archaic and unused

References

^ https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?wdb=WFT&actie=article&id=86241

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

sy

they (third-person plural pronoun)
Synonym: hja

Sy dienen.
They did.

Inflection

West Frisian personal pronouns

Number	Person		Nominative	Objective		Possessive
Number	Person		Nominative	Normal	Reflexive	Determiner	Pronoun
Singular	First		ik	my	mysels	myn	mines
	Second	Informal	do/dû¹	dy	dysels	dyn	dines
	Second	Formal	jo	jo	josels	jo	jowes
	Third	Masculine	hy	him	himsels	syn	sines
		Feminine	sy/hja¹	har	harsels	har	harres
		Neuter	it	it	himsels	syn	sines
Plural	First		wy	ús	ússels	ús	uzes
	Second		jim(me)	jim(me)	jimsels/jinsels	jim(me)	jimmes
	Third		sy/hja¹	har(ren)	harsels	har(ren)	harres
^1. Now mostly archaic and unused

		subjective	objective	possessive determiner	possessive pronoun
singular	1st	ek	my		myne
	2nd	jy	jou		joune
	2nd, formal	u			u s’n
	3rd, masc	hy	hom	sy	syne
	3rd, fem	sy	haar		hare
	3rd, neut	dit		sy	syne
plural	1st	ons			ons s’n
	2nd	julle / jul¹			julle s’n
	3rd	hulle / hul¹			hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

		subjective	objective	possessive determiner	possessive pronoun
singular	1st	ek	my		myne
	2nd	jy	jou		joune
	2nd, formal	u			u s’n
	3rd, masc	hy	hom	sy	syne
	3rd, fem	sy	haar		hare
	3rd, neut	dit		sy	syne
plural	1st	ons			ons s’n
	2nd	julle / jul¹			julle s’n
	3rd	hulle / hul¹			hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.