syn

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See also: syn., syn-, -syn, sýn, and ␖

English

Etymology 1

From Greek συν- (syn-, “with, together”), having the same function as co- (“synthesis, synoptic”).

Adjective

syn (not comparable)

  1. (chemistry) That has a torsion angle between 0° and 90°.
Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Clipping of synonym.

Alternative forms

Noun

syn (plural syns)

  1. Abbreviation of synonym.

Etymology 3

Clipping of synthetic.

Alternative forms

Adjective

syn (comparative more syn, superlative most syn)

  1. Abbreviation of synthetic.

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

syn

  1. Obsolete form of sy (“his”).

Particle

syn

  1. Obsolete form of se.
  2. Obsolete form of s'n.

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn m anim

  1. son
    Coordinate term: dcera

Declension

Declension of syn (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative syn synové
genitive syna synů
dative synovi, synu synům
accusative syna syny
vocative synu synové
locative synovi, synu synech
instrumental synem syny

Derived terms

Further reading

  • syn in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • syn in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • syn in Internetová jazyková příručka

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sýn, cognate to se.

Noun

syn

  1. vision, faculty of sight
    Hun har nedsat syn på det højre øje.
    She has reduced vision in the right eye.
  2. a way of perceiving something
    De havde et ganske andet syn på sandsynlighedsfeltsbegrebet.
    They had quite another view of the concept of the probability field.
    Sikke dog et forskruet og forældet menneskesyn!
    What a twisted and antiquated view of humans!

Declension

Declension of syn
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative syn synet syn synene
genitive syns synets syns synenes

Derived terms

Noun

syn

  1. vision (mystical event)
    Shamanen påstår at have fået et syn.
    The shaman claims to have received a vision.

Declension

Declension of syn
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative syn synet syner synerne
genitive syns synets syners synernes

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Noun

syn m pers (diminutive synk or synulk, related adjective sënowsczi)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: córka
  2. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)

Declension

Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn sënowie
genitive sëna sënów
dative sënowi sënóm
accusative sëna sënów
instrumental sëna sënama
locative sënie sënach
vocative sënie/syn sënowie

Related terms

nouns

Further reading

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “sin”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎ (in Kashubian), page 193
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “syn”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1-2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “syn”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
  • “syn”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn m pers (diminutive synk)

  1. son (male offspring)

Declension

Declension of syn
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative syn syna syny
Genitive syna synowu synow
Dative synoju synoma synam
Accusative syna synowu syny, synow
Instrumental synom synoma synami
Locative synje synoma synach

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

References

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “syn”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “syn”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

syn

  1. Alternative form of synne

Etymology 2

Noun

syn

  1. Alternative form of synnen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sýn.

Noun

syn n (definite singular synet, indefinite plural syn or syner, definite plural syna or synene, genitive syne)

  1. sight, eyesight, vision (ability to see)
  2. a sight
    et vakkert syn ― a beautiful sight
    komme til syne [old genitive form] ― come into sight
  3. a vision or hallucination
  4. a premonition
  5. a view (opinion)

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sýn.

Noun

syn n (definite singular synet, indefinite plural syn, definite plural syna)
syn f (definite singular syna, indefinite plural syner, definite plural synene)

  1. sight, eyesight, vision (ability to see)
  2. a sight
    eit vakkert syn - a beautiful sight
  3. (especially feminine) a vision
  4. (feminine plural only) hallucinations
  5. a view (opinion)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

syn

  1. imperative of syna

References

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)
  2. son (male member of a group, especially a family community)
  3. (Christianity) Son

Declension

Declension of syn (u-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative syn syny synové, syni
genitive syna synú synóv
dative synovi, synu synoma synóm
accusative syna syny syny
vocative synu syny synové, syni
locative synu synú syniech
instrumental synem synoma syny
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

  • Czech: syn

References

Old English

Verb

sȳn

  1. Alternative form of sīen

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /sɨn/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /sɨn/

Noun

syn m ? (diminutive synek)

  1. son (male offspring)
    • 1967 [1408], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 364:
      Jaco Jacub stawal trzi czloweki paney Ketliczskey y gey sinu
      [Jako Jakub stawiał trzy człowieki paniej Kietliczskiej i jej synu]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 765:
      Kupylem rolya od Ananytel, syna stryka mego (ab... filio patrui mei Jer 32, 9)
      [Kupiłem rolą od Anamehel, syna stryka mego (ab... filio patrui mei Jer 32, 9)]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 52r:
      Filius eyn sune, filiosus filiolus idem szyn
      [Filius eyn sune, filiosus filiolus idem syn]
  2. (Christianity) Son
    Synonyms: Syn dziewiczy, Syn Boży, jedyny Syn Boga wszechmogącego, Syn Człowieczy, Syn Nawyszszego
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 1, 8:
      Slawa oczczu y sinowi (filio), y swøtemu duchu
      [Sława Oćcu i Synowi (filio), i Świętemu Duchu]
  3. (figuratively) son (someone that one views as a son)
    • 1874-1891 [End of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page XLIII:
      Kto syą rad w nych (sc. kłamnikach i szpilmanach) cocha, bąndzye myąl zoną gymyenyem wbosstwo, a thą zoną nassladuge syn (filius), gymenem nassmyewanye
      [Kto się rad w nich (sc. kłamnikach i szpilmanach) kocha, będzie miał żonę jimieniem ubostwo, a tę żonę naśladuje syn (filius), jimieniem naśmiewanie]
  4. used in some curses
    • 1960 [1396], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 32:
      Czso Spitek vczinil *Sencowy, to vczinil za yego poczathkem, isz mv layal kurwe maczerze sini
      [Cso Spytek uczynił Bieńkowi, to uczynił za jego początkiem, iż mu łajał kurwie macierze syny]
  5. (biblical) son (male member of a community)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 102, 17:
      Prawda yego nad syny synowymy (in filios filiorum)
      [Prawda jego nad syny synowymi (in filios filiorum)]
  6. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 33, 11:
      Przydzicze, sinowe (filii), sluchaycze mne
      [Przydzicie, synowie (filii), słuchajcie mnie]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume V, page 260:
      Opyekacz, zachowacz [raczy]... yednako, pospolicze sluga, szynem s twym, papyeszem (cum famulo tuo papa)
      [Opiekać, zachować [raczy]... jednako z slugą twym [papie]żem (cum famulo tuo papa), pospolicie z synem]
    • 1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI‎, page 704:
      Nikolay, papyez..., mylym synom... zakonu pokuthuyączego... apostolschkye przezegnanye
      [Nikołaj, papież..., miłym synom... zakonu pokutującego... apostolskie przeżegnanie]

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns

Related terms

adjectives
nouns

Descendants

References

Old Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ.

Noun

syn m anim

  1. son (male offspring)
  2. son (male member of some community)
  3. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)

Descendants

References

  • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “syn”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse sjón, from Proto-Germanic *siuniz.

Pronunciation

Noun

sȳn f

  1. sight, ability to see
  2. appearance

Declension

Declension of sȳn (i-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sȳn sȳnin sȳni(r), -e(r) sȳnina(r), sȳnena(r)
accusative sȳn sȳnina, -ena sȳni(r), -e(r) sȳnina(r), sȳnena(r)
dative sȳn sȳninni, -inne sȳnum, -om sȳnumin, -omen
genitive sȳna(r) sȳninna(r) sȳna sȳnanna

Descendants

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish syn.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowski)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: córka
  2. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)
  3. (literary) son (member of a community)

Declension

Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synowie/syny (deprecative)
genitive syna synów
dative synowi synom
accusative syna synów
instrumental synem synami
locative synu synach
vocative synu synowie

Derived terms

interjections
nouns

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), syn is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 5 times in scientific texts, 9 times in news, 4 times in essays, 41 times in fiction, and 36 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 95 times, making it the 668th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “syn”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 572

Further reading

  • syn in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • syn in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “syn”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “SYN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.05.2021
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 539

Silesian

Silesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia szl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish syn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɨn/
  • Rhymes: -ɨn
  • Syllabification: syn

Noun

syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowy)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: cera

Declension

Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synowie
genitive syna synōw
dative synowi synōm
accusative syna synōw
instrumental synym synami/synōma
locative synu synach
vocative synu synowie

Related terms

nouns

Further reading

  • syn in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn m anim (genitive singular syna, nominative plural synovia, genitive plural synov, declension pattern of chlap)

  1. son (male offspring)

Declension

Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synovia
genitive syna synov
dative synovi synom
accusative syna synov
vocative synu synovia
locative synovi synoch
instrumental synom synmi

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “syn”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

From Old Swedish sȳn, from Old Norse sýn, sjón, from Proto-Germanic *siuniz.

Pronunciation

Noun

syn c

  1. sight (ability to see), vision
  2. a sight, a view
  3. a vision, a revelation (of the future)

Declension

Declension of syn 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative syn synen syner synerna
Genitive syns synens syners synernas

Related terms

Related terms

Anagrams

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Noun

syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)

Declension

Template:hsb-decl-noun-m5

Further reading

  • “syn” in Soblex

Welsh

Etymology

Back-formation from synnu (“to surprise”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

syn (feminine singular syn, plural synion, equative syned, comparative synach, superlative synaf, not mutable)

  1. astonished, astounded
  2. dazed, stunned
  3. aghast, frightened
  4. amazing, astonishing
    Synonyms: syndodol, syfrdanol

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “syn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Pronunciation

Determiner

syn

  1. his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
  2. its (third-person singular neuter possessive determiner)

See also

West Frisian personal pronouns
Number Person Nominative Objective Possessive
Normal Reflexive Determiner Pronoun
Singular First ik my mysels myn mines
Second Informal do/dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
Formal jo jo josels jo jowes
Third Masculine hy him himsels syn sines
Feminine sy/hja1 har harsels har harres
Neuter it it himsels syn sines
Plural First wy ús ússels ús uzes
Second jim(me) jim(me) jimsels/jinsels jim(me) jimmes
Third sy/hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres
1. Now mostly archaic and unused

Further reading

  • “syn”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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