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Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *śilmä,[1][2] then from szimi, via szüm in one dialect (such as the one used in the Old Hungarian Lamentations of Mary), resulting in dialectal szöm, as well as via szëm and the current, standard szem from another dialect.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
szem (plural szemek)
- eye (visual organ in humans and animals)
2012, Gábor Kovács, Imre Makkay, “Robotrepülőgépek hasznos terhei”, in Repüléstudományi Közlemények, volume 24, number 2:Az emberi szem nem képes éjszaka látni – nem úgy, mint sok állat.- The human eye is not capable of seeing at night – unlike a lot of animals.
- (figurative, in set phrases) eye (sight, look or attention)
2006, Tünde Kiss, “Andre Agassi”, in Hetek, volume 10, number 37:De ha szemben velem Steffi áll, nem a labdán tartom a szemem.- But if it's Steffi standing opposite of me, I don't keep my eye on the ball.
- (figurative) eye (point of view, perspective or opinion)
1973, Saleh Mohamed Kaosek, “Budapest az én szememmel”, in Intézeti Szemle, number 2:Az én szememben Budapest a szerelem, a béke és a szabadság városa.- In my eyes, Budapest is the city of love, peace and freedom.
- grain (the harvested seed of various cereal crops)
1997, Edit Fél, Tamás Hofer, “Zab”, in Arányok és mértékek a paraszti gazdálkodásban:Az aratás idejét az jelzi, hogy fent a szemek fehérré válnak, lejjebb sárgák.- Harvesting time is signalled by the grains turning white at the top and yellow lower down.
- grain, speck (tiny particle of sand or dust)
1958, Lajos Mesterházi, chapter 1, in Pár lépés a határ:Az életem homokóráján az utolsó szemek peregnek.- The last grains of sand are running through the hourglass of my life.
- an individual item out of a group of similar objects
- one piece of any small succulent fruit, especially those that grow in clusters
1965, Klára Fehér, László Nemes, Gésák, pagodák, titkok:A szőlő szemei szilva nagyságúak, és kitűnő az ízük.- The grapes are as big as plums, and they taste excellent.
- (literally, “the grape berries”)
- one piece of something small, round and numerous, such as a bead of pearl, a medicine pill, etc.
2003, Beatrix Tóth, “Diszlexiások, diszgráfiások az iskolában”, in Hátrányok és stratégiák:Mennyi idő alatt tud tíz szem gyöngyöt felfűzni.- How much time it takes them to string ten pearl beads.
- (attributive) single, only (not accompanied by anything else, one in number)
2018, Zsolt Pálfalusi, “Aranykapu”, in Hitel, volume 31, number 3:Amikor Ábrahám elindul Mória hegyéhez feláldozni egy szem fiát.- When Abraham sets out to Mount Moriah to sacrifice his only son.
- (knitting) stitch (a single turn of the thread round a needle)
1902, György Lőrinczy, “Jolánka mosolyog”, in Megtépett fészkek:Megszámolta a szemeket és fürgén csattogtatta meg a hosszú kötőtűket.- She counted the stitches and started nimbly clicking the long needles.
Declension
Derived terms
References
Further reading
- szem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN