sꜣḥ

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See also: sꜣḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun

sAa18AHD61F51

 m

  1. toe

Inflection

Declension of sꜣḥ (masculine)
singular sꜣḥ
dual sꜣḥwj
plural sꜣḥw

Verb

sAa18AHD61D54

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to set foot on, to arrive at
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 101–103:
      D
      a
      P5pr
      r
      D54iwn
      Z2
      mM14wrr
      N36
      tp Z1
      a Z1
      D63D54
      Y2
      n
      Z2
      tA
      N23 Z1
      ḏꜥ pr(.w) jw.n m wꜣḏ-wr tp ꜥ sꜣḥ.n tꜣ
      A stormwind emerged while we were at sea, before we could set foot on land.
    • c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:
      irsqd
      d
      N33C
      P1
      Xr
      r
      f
      D35
      ssAAHD61D54n
      f
      tA
      N23 Z1
      D35mn
      n
      iT14P1
      n
      dpW
      t
      P1
      f
      r
      d
      miiN23s
      jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s
      As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜣḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sꜣḥ, geminated stem: sꜣḥḥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sꜣḥ
sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ
sꜣḥt
sꜣḥ
sꜣḥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sꜣḥ
ḥr sꜣḥ
m sꜣḥ
r sꜣḥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sꜣḥ.n
sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ
consecutive sꜣḥ.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sꜣḥt
perfective3 sꜣḥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 sꜣḥ.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sꜣḥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sꜣḥ
sꜣḥḥ
potentialis1 sꜣḥ.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sꜣḥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sꜣḥ.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective sꜣḥ
active + .tj1, .tw2
sꜣḥ
sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5, sꜣḥy5
imperfective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥy, sꜣḥw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
sꜣḥ, sꜣḥj6, sꜣḥy6
sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5
prospective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥtj7
sꜣḥtj4, sꜣḥt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Proper noun

ssAAHsbA

 m

  1. (astronomy) Orion (constellation)

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 98