sꜣḥ

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See also: sꜣḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun

sAa18AHD61F51

 m

  1. toe

Inflection

Declension of sꜣḥ (masculine)
singular sꜣḥ
dual sꜣḥwj
plural sꜣḥw

Verb

sAa18AHD61D54

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to set foot on, to arrive at
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 101–103:
      D
      a      		 P5pr
      r      		 D54iwn
      Z2      		 mM14wrr
      N36      		 tp Z1
      a Z1      		 D63D54
      Y2      		 n
      Z2      		 tA
      N23 Z1
      ḏꜥ pr(.w) jw.n m wꜣḏ-wr tp ꜥ sꜣḥ.n tꜣ
      A stormwind emerged while we were at sea, before we could set foot on land.
    • c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:
      irsqd
      d      		 N33C
      P1      		 Xr
      r      		 f
      D35      		 ssAAHD61D54n
      f      		 tA
      N23 Z1      		 D35mn
      n      		 iT14P1
      n      		 dpW
      t      		 P1
      f      		 r
      d      		 miiN23s
      jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s
      As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜣḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sꜣḥ, geminated stem: sꜣḥḥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sꜣḥ
 sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ
 sꜣḥt
 sꜣḥ
 sꜣḥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sꜣḥ
 ḥr sꜣḥ
 m sꜣḥ
 r sꜣḥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sꜣḥ.n
 sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ
 consecutive sꜣḥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sꜣḥt
perfective3 sꜣḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sꜣḥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sꜣḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sꜣḥ
 sꜣḥḥ
 potentialis1 sꜣḥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sꜣḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sꜣḥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sꜣḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜣḥ
 sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5, sꜣḥy5
imperfective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥy, sꜣḥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜣḥ, sꜣḥj6, sꜣḥy6
 sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5
prospective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥtj7
 — sꜣḥtj4, sꜣḥt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜣḥ  
sAa18AHD61
Y1
sꜣḥ

Derived terms

Proper noun

ssAAHsbA

 m

  1. (astronomy) Orion (constellation)

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 98
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