tar

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

English

WOTD – 22 May 2007
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

Noun

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tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)

  1. (usually uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
  2. Coal tar.
  3. (uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
  4. (slang, dated) A sailor, because of the traditional tarpaulin clothes.
    Synonym: Jack Tar
    • 1915, W. McMann, “Our Picture Show”, in Western Evening Herald:
      If there's one man that I admire, that man's a British tar.
    • August 10 1723, Jonathan Swift, To Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough‎:
      Shines in all climates like a star; In senates bold, and fierce in war; A land commander, and a tar.
  5. (uncountable) Black tar, a form of heroin.
Derived terms
Terms derived from tar (noun)
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (transitive) To coat with tar.
  2. (transitive) To besmirch.
    The allegations tarred his name, even though he was found innocent.
    • 1995, Paul Robinson, The Gate Contracts:
      Dr. Sign: In fact, maybe you think I should get credit, but if I do, Dr. Frendall will be scorned. You know why
      Dr. Ellsworth: Yes, I know. Your critics will tar him with the same brush as you.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of tape archive.

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. (computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix systems.
  2. (computing) A file produced by such a program.
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

English Wikipedia has an article on:
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From Persian تار (târ).

Alternative forms

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  2. A Persian long-necked, waisted string instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.
Translations
See also

Etymology 4

From Arabic طار (ṭār).

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.
See also
References

Etymology 5

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. Alternative form of tara (“Indian coin”)

Anagrams

Aromanian

Noun

tar m (plural tari)

  1. donkey

Synonyms

Derived terms

Asturian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin stāre, present active infinitive of stō. Compare Spanish estar, Aragonese estar, Galician estar, Portuguese estar, Catalan estar.

Verb

tar

  1. to be (referring to geographical place)
  2. to be (referring to something temporary)
  3. to be (for use in constructing continuous verb forms)
    tas xugando ― you are playing

Conjugation

Impersonal forms
Infinitive tar
Gerund tando
Past participle tao
Personal forms
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Indicative Present to
toi		 tas ta tamos tais tán
Imperfect preterite taba tabes taba tábamos~tábemos tabais~tabeis taben
Perfect preterite tuvi
tevi		 tuvisti
tuviesti		 tuvo
tevo 		tuvimos
tuviemos		 tuvistis
tuviestis		 tuvieron
Pluperfect preterite tuviera~tuviere tuvieras~tuvieres tuviera~tuviere tuviéramos~tuviéremos tuvierais~tuviereis tuvieran~tuvieren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Subjunctive Present tea teas tea teamos teáis tean
Imperfect preterite tuviera~tuviere tuvieras~tuvieres tuviera~tuviere tuviéramos~tuviéremos tuvierais~tuviereis tuvieran~tuvieren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Potential Future taré tarás tará taremos taréis tarán
Conditional taría taríes taría taríamos~taríemos taríais~taríeis taríen
- tu vusté nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós vustedes
Imperative ta vamos tar tai

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تار (târ).

Pronunciation

Noun

tar (definite accusative tarı, plural tarlar)

  1. tar

Declension

    Declension of tar
singular plural
nominative tar
 tarlar
definite accusative tarı
 tarları
dative tara
 tarlara
locative tarda
 tarlarda
ablative tardan
 tarlardan
definite genitive tarın
 tarların
    Possessive forms of tar
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarım tarlarım
sənin (“your”) tarın tarların
onun (“his/her/its”) tarı tarları
bizim (“our”) tarımız tarlarımız
sizin (“your”) tarınız tarlarınız
onların (“their”) tarı or tarları tarları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarımı tarlarımı
sənin (“your”) tarını tarlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) tarını tarlarını
bizim (“our”) tarımızı tarlarımızı
sizin (“your”) tarınızı tarlarınızı
onların (“their”) tarını or tarlarını tarlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarıma tarlarıma
sənin (“your”) tarına tarlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) tarına tarlarına
bizim (“our”) tarımıza tarlarımıza
sizin (“your”) tarınıza tarlarınıza
onların (“their”) tarına or tarlarına tarlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarımda tarlarımda
sənin (“your”) tarında tarlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) tarında tarlarında
bizim (“our”) tarımızda tarlarımızda
sizin (“your”) tarınızda tarlarınızda
onların (“their”) tarında or tarlarında tarlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarımdan tarlarımdan
sənin (“your”) tarından tarlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) tarından tarlarından
bizim (“our”) tarımızdan tarlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) tarınızdan tarlarınızdan
onların (“their”) tarından or tarlarından tarlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tarımın tarlarımın
sənin (“your”) tarının tarlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) tarının tarlarının
bizim (“our”) tarımızın tarlarımızın
sizin (“your”) tarınızın tarlarınızın
onların (“their”) tarının or tarlarının tarlarının

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowing from an Oghur language, before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *tāŕ (“bald”). Cognates include Turkish dazlak (“bald”), Karakhanid تازْ (tāz, “bald”), and Middle Mongol (tarasun, “bald”), the latter perhaps a Turkic borrowing too.

Pronunciation

Adjective

tar (not comparable)

  1. bald
    Synonym: kopasz

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tar tarok
accusative tart tarokat
dative tarnak taroknak
instrumental tarral tarokkal
causal-final tarért tarokért
translative tarrá tarokká
terminative tarig tarokig
essive-formal tarként tarokként
essive-modal — —
inessive tarban tarokban
superessive taron tarokon
adessive tarnál taroknál
illative tarba tarokba
sublative tarra tarokra
allative tarhoz tarokhoz
elative tarból tarokból
delative tarról tarokról
ablative tartól taroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		taré taroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		taréi tarokéi

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ tar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • tar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
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Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. Alternative spelling of tir (chess pieces).

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (onomatopoeic) whipping sound.

Etymology 3

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (cooking) a type of cake.
    Synonym: kue tar
Alternative forms

Etymology 4

From English tar, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Doublet of ter and tir.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. tar, the solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
Usage notes

Other definition of tar translated into ter or tir.

Etymology 5

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (colloquial) aphetic form of sebentar.

Further reading

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc. The imperative is from a related verb, do·airicc.

Pronunciation

Verb

tar (present analytic tagann, future analytic tiocfaidh, verbal noun teacht, past participle tagtha)

  1. to come
    Tiocfaidh ár lá.
    Our day will come.
  2. to survive, pull through
    Bhí a ndeartháir ar leaba an bháis, ach tháinig sé.
    Their brother was on his deathbed, but he pulled through.
    Bádh a hathair agus tháinig a máthair.
    Her father drowned and her mother survived.

Conjugation

conjugation of tar (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present tagaim tagann tú;
tagair† 		tagann sé, sí tagaimid;
tagann muid 		tagann sibh tagann siad;
tagaid† 		a thagann; a thagas /
a dtagann*; a dtagas* 		tagtar
past tháinig mé;
thánag 		tháinig tú;
thángais 		tháinig sé, sí thángamar;
tháinig muid 		tháinig sibh;
thángabhair 		tháinig siad;
thángadar 		a tháinig /
ar tháinig* 		thángthas
past habitual thagainn / dtagainn‡‡ thagtá / dtagtᇇ thagadh sé, sí / dtagadh sé, s퇇 thagaimis;
thagadh muid / dtagaimis‡‡;
dtagadh muid‡‡ 		thagadh sibh / dtagadh sibh‡‡ thagaidís; thagadh siad / dtagaidís‡‡; dtagadh siad‡‡ a thagadh /
a dtagadh* 		thagtaí / dtagta퇇
future tiocfaidh mé;
tiocfad 		tiocfaidh tú;
tiocfair† 		tiocfaidh sé, sí tiocfaimid;
tiocfaidh muid 		tiocfaidh sibh tiocfaidh siad;
tiocfaid† 		a thiocfaidh, a thiocfas /
a dtiocfaidh*, a dtiocfas* 		tiocfar
conditional thiocfainn / dtiocfainn‡‡ thiocfá / dtiocfᇇ thiocfadh sé, sí / dtiocfadh sé, s퇇 thiocfaimis;
thiocfadh muid / dtiocfaimis‡‡;
dtiocfadh muid‡‡ 		thiocfadh sibh / dtiocfadh sibh‡‡ thiocfaidís;
thiocfadh siad / dtiocfaidís‡‡;
dtiocfadh siad‡‡ 		a thiocfadh /
a dtiocfadh* 		thiocfaí / dtiocfa퇇
subjunctive present go dtaga mé;
go dtagad† 		go dtaga tú;
go dtagair† 		go dtaga sé, sí go dtagaimid;
go dtaga muid 		go dtaga sibh go dtaga siad;
go dtagaid† 		— go dtagtar
past dá dtagainn dá dtagtá dá dtagadh sé, sí dá dtagaimis;
dá dtagadh muid 		dá dtagadh sibh dá dtagaidís; dá dtagadh siad — dá dtagtaí
imperative tagaim tar tagadh sé, sí tagaimis tagaigí;
tagaidh† 		tagaidís — tagtar
verbal noun teacht
past participle tagtha

*indirect relative
† dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Forms based on the stem tig- (e.g. tigim and tig/tigeann) are found in Ulster, North Mayo and parts of Munster; in at least some of these varieties there may also be spontaneous lenition to thig etc. even in environments where no lenition is expected. Forms based on the stem teag- (e.g. teagaim, teagann) are found in parts of Connacht.

The present analytic tig is particularly common in tar le (“be able”).

The obsolete present subjunctive tí is now found only in the preposition go dtí (“to, toward, up to, until”).

Alternative forms of the second-person singular imperative include tair in Munster, teighre in Aran, teara in Connemara, and gabh in Ulster.

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tar thar dtar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *t(i)ār.

Adjective

tar

  1. narrow

References

  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “tar”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Maltese

Root
t-j-r
9 terms

Etymology

From Arabic طَارَ (ṭāra).

Pronunciation

Verb

tar (imperfect jtir, verbal noun tajran)

  1. to fly
  2. to be quick

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tar
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m tirt tirt tar tirna tirtu taru
f taret
imperfect m ntir ttir jtir ntiru ttiru jtiru
f ttir
imperative tir tiru

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc.

Verb

tar (verbal noun çheet, simple past haink, future hig, conditional harragh)

  1. to come
    Haink ee er etlan.
    She came by plane.

Conjugation

Conjugation of tar
first analytical
singular plural
future independent higym higmayd hig
dependent jigym jigmayd jig
relative (no future relative form)
conditional independent harrin harragh
dependent darrin darragh
past haink
verbal noun çheet
past participle (no past participle form)

Derived terms

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

tar

  1. Alternative form of tare (“vetch”)

Etymology 2

Determiner

tar

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *taras, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂és, from the root *terh₂- (“to cross”).

The voiced variant dar is the original one, since *t in proclitics regularly became d in Old Irish. Tar with a voiceless initial consonant is analogical after its conjugated forms.

Preposition

tar (with accusative)

  1. over, across

Inflection

Inflection of tar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. thorom, thorum thoromsa, thorumsa
2d person sing. torut torutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative tarais
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative tairse
1st person pl. torunn+ torunni
2d person pl. toraib
3d person pl., dative
3d person pl., accusative tairsiu

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • tarsin (masculine/feminine singular)
  • tarsa (neuter singular)
  • tarsna (plural all genders)

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

Forms combined with a possessive pronoun:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: thar
  • Manx: har, harrish
  • Scottish Gaelic: thar

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*taras”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
  2. ^ McCone, Kim (1981) “Final /t/ to /d/ after Unstressed Vowels, and an Old Irish Sound Law”, in Ériu‎, volume 32, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved November 25, 2022, pages 29–44

Further reading

Pali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ).

Root

tar (Pali name tara)

  1. to cross

Derived terms

Verbs
Nouns
Adjectives

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tar/
  • Rhymes: -ar
  • Syllabification: tar

Noun

tar f

  1. genitive plural of tara

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

 
 

Verb

tar

  1. (Portugal) Nonstandard spelling of estar.
    • 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
      Eu tou aqui nesta serra
      I’m here in this mountain chain

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian tár.

Noun

tar m (plural taruri)

  1. unit of measurement for weights

Declension

Declension of tar
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) tar tarul (niște) taruri tarurii
genitive/dative (unui) tar tarului (unor) taruri tarurilor
vocative tarule tarurilor

Sumerian

Romanization

tar

  1. Romanization of 𒋻 (tar)

Swedish

Verb

tar

  1. present indicative of ta

Anagrams

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English tar, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru.

Pronunciation

Noun

tar

  1. tar
    • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 10:
      Aal haar, an wi eyen lik torches o tar?"
      "All hair, and with eyes like torches of tar,"

References

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132
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