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“tempus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Two roots have been proposed: (1) from Proto-Indo-European*tempos(“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten-(“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion"; (2) from Proto-Indo-European*temh₁-(“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latintemnō, tondeō, Ancient Greekτέμνω(témnō); compare the etymology of English time. Templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
“tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
tempus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
tempus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
to spend time: tempus ducere
to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire,cedere
since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
in old days, in the olden time: antiquistemporibus
the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
in process of time: tempore progrediente
at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
at this moment: hoc tempore
in an instant: puncto temporis
at the important moment: momentotemporis
just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
to be there at a given time: ad tempusadesse
for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculiconsuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
the morning hours: tempora matutina
to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere