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A very dark, man-made, nutritionally dense soil found in the Amazon basin.
2004, The Review of Archæology, Volumes 25-27, Review of Archæology, page 35,
The two earliest phases are preceramic and the sites are not terra preta. The earliest terra preta is associated with the Massangana Phase, which begins ca 3600 cal BC.
Terra Preta soils of central Amazonia exhibit approximately three times more soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and 70 times more charcoal compared to adjacent infertile soils.
Terra preta is believed to have been an essential part of a distinctive agricultural system. According to the terra preta team, Indians slowly cleared off the forest to create farm plots and planted annual crops such as manioc.
