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tha, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
tha in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
tha you have here. The definition of the word
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Translingual
Symbol
tha
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Thai.
See also
English
Etymology 1
In parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire where became and then shortened in an unstressed thou.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ða/, lengthened to /ðaː/ only when stressed.
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Pronoun
tha
- (Northern England, dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of thou.
Etymology 2
Article
tha
- (US, African-American Vernacular) Eye dialect spelling of the.
- Synonym: da
Anagrams
Anguthimri
Verb
tha
- (Mpakwithi) tie
References
- Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 415
Caolan
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ.
Pronunciation
|
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
|
Noun
tha
- eye
Fingallian
Etymology
From Middle English þe, from Old English þē m (“the, that”, demonstrative pronoun).
Article
tha
- the
Mbariman-Gudhinma
Verb
tha
- tie
References
- Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 415
Old Dutch
Adverb
thā
- then
References
- Dr. Tack P, Proeve van Oudnederfrankische Grammatica, 84.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish at·tá, from Old Irish at·tá. Cognate with Irish tá and Manx ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ha/, (emphatic) /haː/
- Hyphenation: tha
Verb
tha
- independent present of bi: am, is, are
- Tha mi pòsda. ― I'm married.
- Tha mi à Colbhasa. ― I am from Colonsay.
- Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gu bheil. ― I am thinking so.
- Tha thu fadalach. ― You are late.
- Tha an duine anns an taigh. ― The man is in the house.
- Tha duine anns an taigh. ― There is a man in the house.
- Tha daoine anns an taigh. ― There are men in the house.
Usage notes
- Tha is used as an affirmative answer to questions formed with bheil or eil:
- A bheil thu toilichte? —Tha. ― Are you happy? —Yes.
- When linking the subject of a sentence with a complement consisting of a noun phrase ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), the verb is is used:
- Tha mise anns an t-seòmar. ― I am in the room.
- Is mise Dòmhnall. ― I am Donald.
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “tha”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Colin Mark (2003) “bi”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 75
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “attá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
South Slavey
Etymology
Cognates include Dogrib wha.
Pronunciation
Noun
tha (stem -dha-)
- tentpole
Inflection
Possessive inflection of tha (-dhaá)
References
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 38
Tày
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ.
Pronunciation
Noun
tha (𥃸, 𥅂)
- eye
References
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 赦 (SV: xá). See also thả.
Verb
tha • (他, 赦)
- to forgive
- trời không dung, đất không tha ― the act in question is abhorrently egregious / the person in question has committed an unforgivable act (literally, “the sky doesn't tolerate, the earth doesn't forgive”)
- to let go out of police custody or detention
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 拖.
Verb
tha • (拕, 拖, 搓, 牠)
- (of animals) to carry with the mouth
Cọp tha mồi.- The tiger drags its prey.
- (of people) to drag a nuisance around or to bring it to where it is not wanted
Sao cứ tha ba cái đồ nhôm nhựa về nhà nhỉ !?- Why the hell do you keep bringing scrap back home!?
Welsh
Pronunciation
Preposition
tha
- Alternative form of fatha (“like”)
Adverb
tha
- Alternative form of fatha (“kind of”)
Yola
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ðiː/ (as if spelled thaí)
Article
tha
- Alternative form of a (“the”)
1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 3:Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad- They paced away up to the Cross of the Shad,
References
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ta (“to call”).
Verb
-thá
- (transitive) to name, to nickname
- (transitive) to choose, to pick, to select
Inflection
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukutha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukutha
|
ukungathi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yitha
|
-the
|
Plural
|
yithani
|
-theni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyatha, ngitha
|
engithayo, engitha
|
ngitha
|
angithi
|
engingathi
|
ngingathi
|
2nd singular
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
utha
|
awuthi
|
ongathi
|
ungathi
|
1st plural
|
siyatha, sitha
|
esithayo, esitha
|
sitha
|
asithi
|
esingathi
|
singathi
|
2nd plural
|
niyatha, nitha
|
enithayo, enitha
|
nitha
|
anithi
|
eningathi
|
ningathi
|
Class 1
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
etha
|
akathi
|
ongathi
|
engathi
|
Class 2
|
bayatha, batha
|
abathayo, abatha
|
betha
|
abathi
|
abangathi
|
bengathi
|
Class 3
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
utha
|
awuthi
|
ongathi
|
ungathi
|
Class 4
|
iyatha, itha
|
ethayo, etha
|
itha
|
ayithi
|
engathi
|
ingathi
|
Class 5
|
liyatha, litha
|
elithayo, elitha
|
litha
|
alithi
|
elingathi
|
lingathi
|
Class 6
|
ayatha, atha
|
athayo, atha
|
etha
|
awathi
|
angathi
|
engathi
|
Class 7
|
siyatha, sitha
|
esithayo, esitha
|
sitha
|
asithi
|
esingathi
|
singathi
|
Class 8
|
ziyatha, zitha
|
ezithayo, ezitha
|
zitha
|
azithi
|
ezingathi
|
zingathi
|
Class 9
|
iyatha, itha
|
ethayo, etha
|
itha
|
ayithi
|
engathi
|
ingathi
|
Class 10
|
ziyatha, zitha
|
ezithayo, ezitha
|
zitha
|
azithi
|
ezingathi
|
zingathi
|
Class 11
|
luyatha, lutha
|
oluthayo, olutha
|
lutha
|
aluthi
|
olungathi
|
lungathi
|
Class 14
|
buyatha, butha
|
obuthayo, obutha
|
butha
|
abuthi
|
obungathi
|
bungathi
|
Class 15
|
kuyatha, kutha
|
okuthayo, okutha
|
kutha
|
akuthi
|
okungathi
|
kungathi
|
Class 17
|
kuyatha, kutha
|
okuthayo, okutha
|
kutha
|
akuthi
|
okungathi
|
kungathi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngithile, ngithē
|
engithile, engithē
|
ngithile, ngithē
|
angithanga
|
engingathanga
|
ngingathanga
|
2nd singular
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
uthile, uthē
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
1st plural
|
sithile, sithē
|
esithile, esithē
|
sithile, sithē
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
2nd plural
|
nithile, nithē
|
enithile, enithē
|
nithile, nithē
|
anithanga
|
eningathanga
|
ningathanga
|
Class 1
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
ethile, ethē
|
akathanga
|
ongathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 2
|
bathile, bathē
|
abathile, abathē
|
bethile, bethē
|
abathanga
|
abangathanga
|
bengathanga
|
Class 3
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
uthile, uthē
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
Class 4
|
ithile, ithē
|
ethile, ethē
|
ithile, ithē
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 5
|
lithile, lithē
|
elithile, elithē
|
lithile, lithē
|
alithanga
|
elingathanga
|
lingathanga
|
Class 6
|
athile, athē
|
athile, athē
|
ethile, ethē
|
awathanga
|
angathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 7
|
sithile, sithē
|
esithile, esithē
|
sithile, sithē
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
Class 8
|
zithile, zithē
|
ezithile, ezithē
|
zithile, zithē
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 9
|
ithile, ithē
|
ethile, ethē
|
ithile, ithē
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 10
|
zithile, zithē
|
ezithile, ezithē
|
zithile, zithē
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 11
|
luthile, luthē
|
oluthile, oluthē
|
luthile, luthē
|
aluthanga
|
olungathanga
|
lungathanga
|
Class 14
|
buthile, buthē
|
obuthile, obuthē
|
buthile, buthē
|
abuthanga
|
obungathanga
|
bungathanga
|
Class 15
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
okuthile, okuthē
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
Class 17
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
okuthile, okuthē
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngātha
|
engātha
|
ngātha
|
angithanga
|
engingathanga
|
ngingathanga
|
2nd singular
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
wātha
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
1st plural
|
sātha
|
esātha
|
sātha
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
2nd plural
|
nātha
|
enātha
|
nātha
|
anithanga
|
eningathanga
|
ningathanga
|
Class 1
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
ātha
|
akathanga
|
ongathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 2
|
bātha
|
abātha
|
bātha
|
abathanga
|
abangathanga
|
bengathanga
|
Class 3
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
wātha
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
Class 4
|
yātha
|
eyātha
|
yātha
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 5
|
lātha
|
elātha
|
lātha
|
alithanga
|
elingathanga
|
lingathanga
|
Class 6
|
ātha
|
ātha
|
ātha
|
awathanga
|
angathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 7
|
sātha
|
esātha
|
sātha
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
Class 8
|
zātha
|
ezātha
|
zātha
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 9
|
yātha
|
eyātha
|
yātha
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 10
|
zātha
|
ezātha
|
zātha
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 11
|
lwātha
|
olwātha
|
lwātha
|
aluthanga
|
olungathanga
|
lungathanga
|
Class 14
|
bātha
|
obātha
|
bātha
|
abuthanga
|
obungathanga
|
bungathanga
|
Class 15
|
kwātha
|
okwātha
|
kwātha
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
Class 17
|
kwātha
|
okwātha
|
kwātha
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingatha
|
—
|
ngingatha
|
ngingethe
|
—
|
ngingethe
|
2nd singular
|
ungatha
|
—
|
ungatha
|
ungethe
|
—
|
ungethe
|
1st plural
|
singatha
|
—
|
singatha
|
singethe
|
—
|
singethe
|
2nd plural
|
ningatha
|
—
|
ningatha
|
ningethe
|
—
|
ningethe
|
Class 1
|
angatha
|
—
|
engatha
|
angethe
|
—
|
engethe
|
Class 2
|
bangatha
|
—
|
bengatha
|
bangethe
|
—
|
bengethe
|
Class 3
|
ungatha
|
—
|
ungatha
|
ungethe
|
—
|
ungethe
|
Class 4
|
ingatha
|
—
|
ingatha
|
ingethe
|
—
|
ingethe
|
Class 5
|
lingatha
|
—
|
lingatha
|
lingethe
|
—
|
lingethe
|
Class 6
|
angatha
|
—
|
engatha
|
angethe
|
—
|
engethe
|
Class 7
|
singatha
|
—
|
singatha
|
singethe
|
—
|
singethe
|
Class 8
|
zingatha
|
—
|
zingatha
|
zingethe
|
—
|
zingethe
|
Class 9
|
ingatha
|
—
|
ingatha
|
ingethe
|
—
|
ingethe
|
Class 10
|
zingatha
|
—
|
zingatha
|
zingethe
|
—
|
zingethe
|
Class 11
|
lungatha
|
—
|
lungatha
|
lungethe
|
—
|
lungethe
|
Class 14
|
bungatha
|
—
|
bungatha
|
bungethe
|
—
|
bungethe
|
Class 15
|
kungatha
|
—
|
kungatha
|
kungethe
|
—
|
kungethe
|
Class 17
|
kungatha
|
—
|
kungatha
|
kungethe
|
—
|
kungethe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokutha
|
engizokutha
|
ngizokutha
|
angizukutha
|
engingezukutha
|
ngingezukutha
|
2nd singular
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
uzokutha
|
awuzukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
ungezukutha
|
1st plural
|
sizokutha
|
esizokutha
|
sizokutha
|
asizukutha
|
esingezukutha
|
singezukutha
|
2nd plural
|
nizokutha
|
enizokutha
|
nizokutha
|
anizukutha
|
eningezukutha
|
ningezukutha
|
Class 1
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
ezokutha
|
akazukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
engezukutha
|
Class 2
|
bazokutha
|
abazokutha
|
bezokutha
|
abazukutha
|
abangezukutha
|
bengezukutha
|
Class 3
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
uzokutha
|
awuzukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
ungezukutha
|
Class 4
|
izokutha
|
ezokutha
|
izokutha
|
ayizukutha
|
engezukutha
|
ingezukutha
|
Class 5
|
lizokutha
|
elizokutha
|
lizokutha
|
alizukutha
|
elingezukutha
|
lingezukutha
|
Class 6
|
azokutha
|
azokutha
|
ezokutha
|
awazukutha
|
angezukutha
|
engezukutha
|
Class 7
|
sizokutha
|
esizokutha
|
sizokutha
|
asizukutha
|
esingezukutha
|
singezukutha
|
Class 8
|
zizokutha
|
ezizokutha
|
zizokutha
|
azizukutha
|
ezingezukutha
|
zingezukutha
|
Class 9
|
izokutha
|
ezokutha
|
izokutha
|
ayizukutha
|
engezukutha
|
ingezukutha
|
Class 10
|
zizokutha
|
ezizokutha
|
zizokutha
|
azizukutha
|
ezingezukutha
|
zingezukutha
|
Class 11
|
luzokutha
|
oluzokutha
|
luzokutha
|
aluzukutha
|
olungezukutha
|
lungezukutha
|
Class 14
|
buzokutha
|
obuzokutha
|
buzokutha
|
abuzukutha
|
obungezukutha
|
bungezukutha
|
Class 15
|
kuzokutha
|
okuzokutha
|
kuzokutha
|
akuzukutha
|
okungezukutha
|
kungezukutha
|
Class 17
|
kuzokutha
|
okuzokutha
|
kuzokutha
|
akuzukutha
|
okungezukutha
|
kungezukutha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokutha
|
engiyokutha
|
ngiyokutha
|
angiyukutha
|
engingeyukutha
|
ngingeyukutha
|
2nd singular
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
uyokutha
|
awuyukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
ungeyukutha
|
1st plural
|
siyokutha
|
esiyokutha
|
siyokutha
|
asiyukutha
|
esingeyukutha
|
singeyukutha
|
2nd plural
|
niyokutha
|
eniyokutha
|
niyokutha
|
aniyukutha
|
eningeyukutha
|
ningeyukutha
|
Class 1
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
akayukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
Class 2
|
bayokutha
|
abayokutha
|
beyokutha
|
abayukutha
|
abangeyukutha
|
bengeyukutha
|
Class 3
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
uyokutha
|
awuyukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
ungeyukutha
|
Class 4
|
iyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
iyokutha
|
ayiyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
ingeyukutha
|
Class 5
|
liyokutha
|
eliyokutha
|
liyokutha
|
aliyukutha
|
elingeyukutha
|
lingeyukutha
|
Class 6
|
ayokutha
|
ayokutha
|
eyokutha
|
awayukutha
|
angeyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
Class 7
|
siyokutha
|
esiyokutha
|
siyokutha
|
asiyukutha
|
esingeyukutha
|
singeyukutha
|
Class 8
|
ziyokutha
|
eziyokutha
|
ziyokutha
|
aziyukutha
|
ezingeyukutha
|
zingeyukutha
|
Class 9
|
iyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
iyokutha
|
ayiyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
ingeyukutha
|
Class 10
|
ziyokutha
|
eziyokutha
|
ziyokutha
|
aziyukutha
|
ezingeyukutha
|
zingeyukutha
|
Class 11
|
luyokutha
|
oluyokutha
|
luyokutha
|
aluyukutha
|
olungeyukutha
|
lungeyukutha
|
Class 14
|
buyokutha
|
obuyokutha
|
buyokutha
|
abuyukutha
|
obungeyukutha
|
bungeyukutha
|
Class 15
|
kuyokutha
|
okuyokutha
|
kuyokutha
|
akuyukutha
|
okungeyukutha
|
kungeyukutha
|
Class 17
|
kuyokutha
|
okuyokutha
|
kuyokutha
|
akuyukutha
|
okungeyukutha
|
kungeyukutha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngithe
|
ngingathi
|
2nd singular
|
uthe
|
ungathi
|
1st plural
|
sithe
|
singathi
|
2nd plural
|
nithe
|
ningathi
|
Class 1
|
athe
|
angathi
|
Class 2
|
bathe
|
bangathi
|
Class 3
|
uthe
|
ungathi
|
Class 4
|
ithe
|
ingathi
|
Class 5
|
lithe
|
lingathi
|
Class 6
|
athe
|
angathi
|
Class 7
|
sithe
|
singathi
|
Class 8
|
zithe
|
zingathi
|
Class 9
|
ithe
|
ingathi
|
Class 10
|
zithe
|
zingathi
|
Class 11
|
luthe
|
lungathi
|
Class 14
|
buthe
|
bungathi
|
Class 15
|
kuthe
|
kungathi
|
Class 17
|
kuthe
|
kungathi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngatha
|
ngangatha, angatha, angangatha
|
2nd singular
|
watha
|
wangatha, awatha, awangatha
|
1st plural
|
satha
|
sangatha, asatha, asangatha
|
2nd plural
|
natha
|
nangatha, anatha, anangatha
|
Class 1
|
watha
|
wangatha, akatha, akangatha
|
Class 2
|
batha
|
bangatha, abatha, abangatha
|
Class 3
|
watha
|
wangatha, awatha, awangatha
|
Class 4
|
yatha
|
yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha
|
Class 5
|
latha
|
langatha, alatha, alangatha
|
Class 6
|
atha
|
angatha, awatha, awangatha
|
Class 7
|
satha
|
sangatha, asatha, asangatha
|
Class 8
|
zatha
|
zangatha, azatha, azangatha
|
Class 9
|
yatha
|
yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha
|
Class 10
|
zatha
|
zangatha, azatha, azangatha
|
Class 11
|
lwatha
|
lwangatha, alwatha, alwangatha
|
Class 14
|
batha
|
bangatha, abatha, abangatha
|
Class 15
|
kwatha
|
kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha
|
Class 17
|
kwatha
|
kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha
|
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-jìta.
Verb
-tha
- (transitive) to funnel, to inject (an enema)
Inflection
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukutha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukutha
|
ukungathi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yitha
|
-the
|
Plural
|
yithani
|
-theni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyatha, ngitha
|
engithayo, engitha
|
ngitha
|
angithi
|
engingathi
|
ngingathi
|
2nd singular
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
utha
|
awuthi
|
ongathi
|
ungathi
|
1st plural
|
siyatha, sitha
|
esithayo, esitha
|
sitha
|
asithi
|
esingathi
|
singathi
|
2nd plural
|
niyatha, nitha
|
enithayo, enitha
|
nitha
|
anithi
|
eningathi
|
ningathi
|
Class 1
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
etha
|
akathi
|
ongathi
|
engathi
|
Class 2
|
bayatha, batha
|
abathayo, abatha
|
betha
|
abathi
|
abangathi
|
bengathi
|
Class 3
|
uyatha, utha
|
othayo, otha
|
utha
|
awuthi
|
ongathi
|
ungathi
|
Class 4
|
iyatha, itha
|
ethayo, etha
|
itha
|
ayithi
|
engathi
|
ingathi
|
Class 5
|
liyatha, litha
|
elithayo, elitha
|
litha
|
alithi
|
elingathi
|
lingathi
|
Class 6
|
ayatha, atha
|
athayo, atha
|
etha
|
awathi
|
angathi
|
engathi
|
Class 7
|
siyatha, sitha
|
esithayo, esitha
|
sitha
|
asithi
|
esingathi
|
singathi
|
Class 8
|
ziyatha, zitha
|
ezithayo, ezitha
|
zitha
|
azithi
|
ezingathi
|
zingathi
|
Class 9
|
iyatha, itha
|
ethayo, etha
|
itha
|
ayithi
|
engathi
|
ingathi
|
Class 10
|
ziyatha, zitha
|
ezithayo, ezitha
|
zitha
|
azithi
|
ezingathi
|
zingathi
|
Class 11
|
luyatha, lutha
|
oluthayo, olutha
|
lutha
|
aluthi
|
olungathi
|
lungathi
|
Class 14
|
buyatha, butha
|
obuthayo, obutha
|
butha
|
abuthi
|
obungathi
|
bungathi
|
Class 15
|
kuyatha, kutha
|
okuthayo, okutha
|
kutha
|
akuthi
|
okungathi
|
kungathi
|
Class 17
|
kuyatha, kutha
|
okuthayo, okutha
|
kutha
|
akuthi
|
okungathi
|
kungathi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngithile, ngithē
|
engithile, engithē
|
ngithile, ngithē
|
angithanga
|
engingathanga
|
ngingathanga
|
2nd singular
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
uthile, uthē
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
1st plural
|
sithile, sithē
|
esithile, esithē
|
sithile, sithē
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
2nd plural
|
nithile, nithē
|
enithile, enithē
|
nithile, nithē
|
anithanga
|
eningathanga
|
ningathanga
|
Class 1
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
ethile, ethē
|
akathanga
|
ongathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 2
|
bathile, bathē
|
abathile, abathē
|
bethile, bethē
|
abathanga
|
abangathanga
|
bengathanga
|
Class 3
|
uthile, uthē
|
othile, othē
|
uthile, uthē
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
Class 4
|
ithile, ithē
|
ethile, ethē
|
ithile, ithē
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 5
|
lithile, lithē
|
elithile, elithē
|
lithile, lithē
|
alithanga
|
elingathanga
|
lingathanga
|
Class 6
|
athile, athē
|
athile, athē
|
ethile, ethē
|
awathanga
|
angathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 7
|
sithile, sithē
|
esithile, esithē
|
sithile, sithē
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
Class 8
|
zithile, zithē
|
ezithile, ezithē
|
zithile, zithē
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 9
|
ithile, ithē
|
ethile, ethē
|
ithile, ithē
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 10
|
zithile, zithē
|
ezithile, ezithē
|
zithile, zithē
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 11
|
luthile, luthē
|
oluthile, oluthē
|
luthile, luthē
|
aluthanga
|
olungathanga
|
lungathanga
|
Class 14
|
buthile, buthē
|
obuthile, obuthē
|
buthile, buthē
|
abuthanga
|
obungathanga
|
bungathanga
|
Class 15
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
okuthile, okuthē
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
Class 17
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
okuthile, okuthē
|
kuthile, kuthē
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngātha
|
engātha
|
ngātha
|
angithanga
|
engingathanga
|
ngingathanga
|
2nd singular
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
wātha
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
1st plural
|
sātha
|
esātha
|
sātha
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
2nd plural
|
nātha
|
enātha
|
nātha
|
anithanga
|
eningathanga
|
ningathanga
|
Class 1
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
ātha
|
akathanga
|
ongathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 2
|
bātha
|
abātha
|
bātha
|
abathanga
|
abangathanga
|
bengathanga
|
Class 3
|
wātha
|
owātha
|
wātha
|
awuthanga
|
ongathanga
|
ungathanga
|
Class 4
|
yātha
|
eyātha
|
yātha
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 5
|
lātha
|
elātha
|
lātha
|
alithanga
|
elingathanga
|
lingathanga
|
Class 6
|
ātha
|
ātha
|
ātha
|
awathanga
|
angathanga
|
engathanga
|
Class 7
|
sātha
|
esātha
|
sātha
|
asithanga
|
esingathanga
|
singathanga
|
Class 8
|
zātha
|
ezātha
|
zātha
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 9
|
yātha
|
eyātha
|
yātha
|
ayithanga
|
engathanga
|
ingathanga
|
Class 10
|
zātha
|
ezātha
|
zātha
|
azithanga
|
ezingathanga
|
zingathanga
|
Class 11
|
lwātha
|
olwātha
|
lwātha
|
aluthanga
|
olungathanga
|
lungathanga
|
Class 14
|
bātha
|
obātha
|
bātha
|
abuthanga
|
obungathanga
|
bungathanga
|
Class 15
|
kwātha
|
okwātha
|
kwātha
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
Class 17
|
kwātha
|
okwātha
|
kwātha
|
akuthanga
|
okungathanga
|
kungathanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingatha
|
—
|
ngingatha
|
ngingethe
|
—
|
ngingethe
|
2nd singular
|
ungatha
|
—
|
ungatha
|
ungethe
|
—
|
ungethe
|
1st plural
|
singatha
|
—
|
singatha
|
singethe
|
—
|
singethe
|
2nd plural
|
ningatha
|
—
|
ningatha
|
ningethe
|
—
|
ningethe
|
Class 1
|
angatha
|
—
|
engatha
|
angethe
|
—
|
engethe
|
Class 2
|
bangatha
|
—
|
bengatha
|
bangethe
|
—
|
bengethe
|
Class 3
|
ungatha
|
—
|
ungatha
|
ungethe
|
—
|
ungethe
|
Class 4
|
ingatha
|
—
|
ingatha
|
ingethe
|
—
|
ingethe
|
Class 5
|
lingatha
|
—
|
lingatha
|
lingethe
|
—
|
lingethe
|
Class 6
|
angatha
|
—
|
engatha
|
angethe
|
—
|
engethe
|
Class 7
|
singatha
|
—
|
singatha
|
singethe
|
—
|
singethe
|
Class 8
|
zingatha
|
—
|
zingatha
|
zingethe
|
—
|
zingethe
|
Class 9
|
ingatha
|
—
|
ingatha
|
ingethe
|
—
|
ingethe
|
Class 10
|
zingatha
|
—
|
zingatha
|
zingethe
|
—
|
zingethe
|
Class 11
|
lungatha
|
—
|
lungatha
|
lungethe
|
—
|
lungethe
|
Class 14
|
bungatha
|
—
|
bungatha
|
bungethe
|
—
|
bungethe
|
Class 15
|
kungatha
|
—
|
kungatha
|
kungethe
|
—
|
kungethe
|
Class 17
|
kungatha
|
—
|
kungatha
|
kungethe
|
—
|
kungethe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokutha
|
engizokutha
|
ngizokutha
|
angizukutha
|
engingezukutha
|
ngingezukutha
|
2nd singular
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
uzokutha
|
awuzukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
ungezukutha
|
1st plural
|
sizokutha
|
esizokutha
|
sizokutha
|
asizukutha
|
esingezukutha
|
singezukutha
|
2nd plural
|
nizokutha
|
enizokutha
|
nizokutha
|
anizukutha
|
eningezukutha
|
ningezukutha
|
Class 1
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
ezokutha
|
akazukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
engezukutha
|
Class 2
|
bazokutha
|
abazokutha
|
bezokutha
|
abazukutha
|
abangezukutha
|
bengezukutha
|
Class 3
|
uzokutha
|
ozokutha
|
uzokutha
|
awuzukutha
|
ongezukutha
|
ungezukutha
|
Class 4
|
izokutha
|
ezokutha
|
izokutha
|
ayizukutha
|
engezukutha
|
ingezukutha
|
Class 5
|
lizokutha
|
elizokutha
|
lizokutha
|
alizukutha
|
elingezukutha
|
lingezukutha
|
Class 6
|
azokutha
|
azokutha
|
ezokutha
|
awazukutha
|
angezukutha
|
engezukutha
|
Class 7
|
sizokutha
|
esizokutha
|
sizokutha
|
asizukutha
|
esingezukutha
|
singezukutha
|
Class 8
|
zizokutha
|
ezizokutha
|
zizokutha
|
azizukutha
|
ezingezukutha
|
zingezukutha
|
Class 9
|
izokutha
|
ezokutha
|
izokutha
|
ayizukutha
|
engezukutha
|
ingezukutha
|
Class 10
|
zizokutha
|
ezizokutha
|
zizokutha
|
azizukutha
|
ezingezukutha
|
zingezukutha
|
Class 11
|
luzokutha
|
oluzokutha
|
luzokutha
|
aluzukutha
|
olungezukutha
|
lungezukutha
|
Class 14
|
buzokutha
|
obuzokutha
|
buzokutha
|
abuzukutha
|
obungezukutha
|
bungezukutha
|
Class 15
|
kuzokutha
|
okuzokutha
|
kuzokutha
|
akuzukutha
|
okungezukutha
|
kungezukutha
|
Class 17
|
kuzokutha
|
okuzokutha
|
kuzokutha
|
akuzukutha
|
okungezukutha
|
kungezukutha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokutha
|
engiyokutha
|
ngiyokutha
|
angiyukutha
|
engingeyukutha
|
ngingeyukutha
|
2nd singular
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
uyokutha
|
awuyukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
ungeyukutha
|
1st plural
|
siyokutha
|
esiyokutha
|
siyokutha
|
asiyukutha
|
esingeyukutha
|
singeyukutha
|
2nd plural
|
niyokutha
|
eniyokutha
|
niyokutha
|
aniyukutha
|
eningeyukutha
|
ningeyukutha
|
Class 1
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
akayukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
Class 2
|
bayokutha
|
abayokutha
|
beyokutha
|
abayukutha
|
abangeyukutha
|
bengeyukutha
|
Class 3
|
uyokutha
|
oyokutha
|
uyokutha
|
awuyukutha
|
ongeyukutha
|
ungeyukutha
|
Class 4
|
iyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
iyokutha
|
ayiyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
ingeyukutha
|
Class 5
|
liyokutha
|
eliyokutha
|
liyokutha
|
aliyukutha
|
elingeyukutha
|
lingeyukutha
|
Class 6
|
ayokutha
|
ayokutha
|
eyokutha
|
awayukutha
|
angeyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
Class 7
|
siyokutha
|
esiyokutha
|
siyokutha
|
asiyukutha
|
esingeyukutha
|
singeyukutha
|
Class 8
|
ziyokutha
|
eziyokutha
|
ziyokutha
|
aziyukutha
|
ezingeyukutha
|
zingeyukutha
|
Class 9
|
iyokutha
|
eyokutha
|
iyokutha
|
ayiyukutha
|
engeyukutha
|
ingeyukutha
|
Class 10
|
ziyokutha
|
eziyokutha
|
ziyokutha
|
aziyukutha
|
ezingeyukutha
|
zingeyukutha
|
Class 11
|
luyokutha
|
oluyokutha
|
luyokutha
|
aluyukutha
|
olungeyukutha
|
lungeyukutha
|
Class 14
|
buyokutha
|
obuyokutha
|
buyokutha
|
abuyukutha
|
obungeyukutha
|
bungeyukutha
|
Class 15
|
kuyokutha
|
okuyokutha
|
kuyokutha
|
akuyukutha
|
okungeyukutha
|
kungeyukutha
|
Class 17
|
kuyokutha
|
okuyokutha
|
kuyokutha
|
akuyukutha
|
okungeyukutha
|
kungeyukutha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngithe
|
ngingathi
|
2nd singular
|
uthe
|
ungathi
|
1st plural
|
sithe
|
singathi
|
2nd plural
|
nithe
|
ningathi
|
Class 1
|
athe
|
angathi
|
Class 2
|
bathe
|
bangathi
|
Class 3
|
uthe
|
ungathi
|
Class 4
|
ithe
|
ingathi
|
Class 5
|
lithe
|
lingathi
|
Class 6
|
athe
|
angathi
|
Class 7
|
sithe
|
singathi
|
Class 8
|
zithe
|
zingathi
|
Class 9
|
ithe
|
ingathi
|
Class 10
|
zithe
|
zingathi
|
Class 11
|
luthe
|
lungathi
|
Class 14
|
buthe
|
bungathi
|
Class 15
|
kuthe
|
kungathi
|
Class 17
|
kuthe
|
kungathi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngatha
|
ngangatha, angatha, angangatha
|
2nd singular
|
watha
|
wangatha, awatha, awangatha
|
1st plural
|
satha
|
sangatha, asatha, asangatha
|
2nd plural
|
natha
|
nangatha, anatha, anangatha
|
Class 1
|
watha
|
wangatha, akatha, akangatha
|
Class 2
|
batha
|
bangatha, abatha, abangatha
|
Class 3
|
watha
|
wangatha, awatha, awangatha
|
Class 4
|
yatha
|
yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha
|
Class 5
|
latha
|
langatha, alatha, alangatha
|
Class 6
|
atha
|
angatha, awatha, awangatha
|
Class 7
|
satha
|
sangatha, asatha, asangatha
|
Class 8
|
zatha
|
zangatha, azatha, azangatha
|
Class 9
|
yatha
|
yangatha, ayatha, ayangatha
|
Class 10
|
zatha
|
zangatha, azatha, azangatha
|
Class 11
|
lwatha
|
lwangatha, alwatha, alwangatha
|
Class 14
|
batha
|
bangatha, abatha, abangatha
|
Class 15
|
kwatha
|
kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha
|
Class 17
|
kwatha
|
kwangatha, akwatha, akwangatha
|
References