thenga

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

  1. to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

  1. to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

  1. (transitive) to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thênga

  1. (transitive) to buy, to purchase
  2. (transitive) to pay for
  3. (intransitive) to shop, to go shopping

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive ukuthenga
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuthenga ukungathengi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular thenga -thenge
Plural thengani -thengeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyathenga, ngithenga engithengayo, engithenga ngithenga angithengi engingathengi ngingathengi
2nd singular uyathenga, uthenga othengayo, othenga uthenga awuthengi ongathengi ungathengi
1st plural siyathenga, sithenga esithengayo, esithenga sithenga asithengi esingathengi singathengi
2nd plural niyathenga, nithenga enithengayo, enithenga nithenga anithengi eningathengi ningathengi
Class 1 uyathenga, uthenga othengayo, othenga ethenga akathengi ongathengi engathengi
Class 2 bayathenga, bathenga abathengayo, abathenga bethenga abathengi abangathengi bengathengi
Class 3 uyathenga, uthenga othengayo, othenga uthenga awuthengi ongathengi ungathengi
Class 4 iyathenga, ithenga ethengayo, ethenga ithenga ayithengi engathengi ingathengi
Class 5 liyathenga, lithenga elithengayo, elithenga lithenga alithengi elingathengi lingathengi
Class 6 ayathenga, athenga athengayo, athenga ethenga awathengi angathengi engathengi
Class 7 siyathenga, sithenga esithengayo, esithenga sithenga asithengi esingathengi singathengi
Class 8 ziyathenga, zithenga ezithengayo, ezithenga zithenga azithengi ezingathengi zingathengi
Class 9 iyathenga, ithenga ethengayo, ethenga ithenga ayithengi engathengi ingathengi
Class 10 ziyathenga, zithenga ezithengayo, ezithenga zithenga azithengi ezingathengi zingathengi
Class 11 luyathenga, luthenga oluthengayo, oluthenga luthenga aluthengi olungathengi lungathengi
Class 14 buyathenga, buthenga obuthengayo, obuthenga buthenga abuthengi obungathengi bungathengi
Class 15 kuyathenga, kuthenga okuthengayo, okuthenga kuthenga akuthengi okungathengi kungathengi
Class 17 kuyathenga, kuthenga okuthengayo, okuthenga kuthenga akuthengi okungathengi kungathengi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngithengile, ngithengē engithengile, engithengē ngithengile, ngithengē angithenganga engingathenganga ngingathenganga
2nd singular uthengile, uthengē othengile, othengē uthengile, uthengē awuthenganga ongathenganga ungathenganga
1st plural sithengile, sithengē esithengile, esithengē sithengile, sithengē asithenganga esingathenganga singathenganga
2nd plural nithengile, nithengē enithengile, enithengē nithengile, nithengē anithenganga eningathenganga ningathenganga
Class 1 uthengile, uthengē othengile, othengē ethengile, ethengē akathenganga ongathenganga engathenganga
Class 2 bathengile, bathengē abathengile, abathengē bethengile, bethengē abathenganga abangathenganga bengathenganga
Class 3 uthengile, uthengē othengile, othengē uthengile, uthengē awuthenganga ongathenganga ungathenganga
Class 4 ithengile, ithengē ethengile, ethengē ithengile, ithengē ayithenganga engathenganga ingathenganga
Class 5 lithengile, lithengē elithengile, elithengē lithengile, lithengē alithenganga elingathenganga lingathenganga
Class 6 athengile, athengē athengile, athengē ethengile, ethengē awathenganga angathenganga engathenganga
Class 7 sithengile, sithengē esithengile, esithengē sithengile, sithengē asithenganga esingathenganga singathenganga
Class 8 zithengile, zithengē ezithengile, ezithengē zithengile, zithengē azithenganga ezingathenganga zingathenganga
Class 9 ithengile, ithengē ethengile, ethengē ithengile, ithengē ayithenganga engathenganga ingathenganga
Class 10 zithengile, zithengē ezithengile, ezithengē zithengile, zithengē azithenganga ezingathenganga zingathenganga
Class 11 luthengile, luthengē oluthengile, oluthengē luthengile, luthengē aluthenganga olungathenganga lungathenganga
Class 14 buthengile, buthengē obuthengile, obuthengē buthengile, buthengē abuthenganga obungathenganga bungathenganga
Class 15 kuthengile, kuthengē okuthengile, okuthengē kuthengile, kuthengē akuthenganga okungathenganga kungathenganga
Class 17 kuthengile, kuthengē okuthengile, okuthengē kuthengile, kuthengē akuthenganga okungathenganga kungathenganga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāthenga engāthenga ngāthenga angithenganga engingathenganga ngingathenganga
2nd singular wāthenga owāthenga wāthenga awuthenganga ongathenganga ungathenganga
1st plural sāthenga esāthenga sāthenga asithenganga esingathenganga singathenganga
2nd plural nāthenga enāthenga nāthenga anithenganga eningathenganga ningathenganga
Class 1 wāthenga owāthenga āthenga akathenganga ongathenganga engathenganga
Class 2 bāthenga abāthenga bāthenga abathenganga abangathenganga bengathenganga
Class 3 wāthenga owāthenga wāthenga awuthenganga ongathenganga ungathenganga
Class 4 yāthenga eyāthenga yāthenga ayithenganga engathenganga ingathenganga
Class 5 lāthenga elāthenga lāthenga alithenganga elingathenganga lingathenganga
Class 6 āthenga āthenga āthenga awathenganga angathenganga engathenganga
Class 7 sāthenga esāthenga sāthenga asithenganga esingathenganga singathenganga
Class 8 zāthenga ezāthenga zāthenga azithenganga ezingathenganga zingathenganga
Class 9 yāthenga eyāthenga yāthenga ayithenganga engathenganga ingathenganga
Class 10 zāthenga ezāthenga zāthenga azithenganga ezingathenganga zingathenganga
Class 11 lwāthenga olwāthenga lwāthenga aluthenganga olungathenganga lungathenganga
Class 14 bāthenga obāthenga bāthenga abuthenganga obungathenganga bungathenganga
Class 15 kwāthenga okwāthenga kwāthenga akuthenganga okungathenganga kungathenganga
Class 17 kwāthenga okwāthenga kwāthenga akuthenganga okungathenganga kungathenganga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingathenga — ngingathenga ngingethenge — ngingethenge
2nd singular ungathenga — ungathenga ungethenge — ungethenge
1st plural singathenga — singathenga singethenge — singethenge
2nd plural ningathenga — ningathenga ningethenge — ningethenge
Class 1 angathenga — engathenga angethenge — engethenge
Class 2 bangathenga — bengathenga bangethenge — bengethenge
Class 3 ungathenga — ungathenga ungethenge — ungethenge
Class 4 ingathenga — ingathenga ingethenge — ingethenge
Class 5 lingathenga — lingathenga lingethenge — lingethenge
Class 6 angathenga — engathenga angethenge — engethenge
Class 7 singathenga — singathenga singethenge — singethenge
Class 8 zingathenga — zingathenga zingethenge — zingethenge
Class 9 ingathenga — ingathenga ingethenge — ingethenge
Class 10 zingathenga — zingathenga zingethenge — zingethenge
Class 11 lungathenga — lungathenga lungethenge — lungethenge
Class 14 bungathenga — bungathenga bungethenge — bungethenge
Class 15 kungathenga — kungathenga kungethenge — kungethenge
Class 17 kungathenga — kungathenga kungethenge — kungethenge
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizothenga engizothenga ngizothenga angizuthenga engingezuthenga ngingezuthenga
2nd singular uzothenga ozothenga uzothenga awuzuthenga ongezuthenga ungezuthenga
1st plural sizothenga esizothenga sizothenga asizuthenga esingezuthenga singezuthenga
2nd plural nizothenga enizothenga nizothenga anizuthenga eningezuthenga ningezuthenga
Class 1 uzothenga ozothenga ezothenga akazuthenga ongezuthenga engezuthenga
Class 2 bazothenga abazothenga bezothenga abazuthenga abangezuthenga bengezuthenga
Class 3 uzothenga ozothenga uzothenga awuzuthenga ongezuthenga ungezuthenga
Class 4 izothenga ezothenga izothenga ayizuthenga engezuthenga ingezuthenga
Class 5 lizothenga elizothenga lizothenga alizuthenga elingezuthenga lingezuthenga
Class 6 azothenga azothenga ezothenga awazuthenga angezuthenga engezuthenga
Class 7 sizothenga esizothenga sizothenga asizuthenga esingezuthenga singezuthenga
Class 8 zizothenga ezizothenga zizothenga azizuthenga ezingezuthenga zingezuthenga
Class 9 izothenga ezothenga izothenga ayizuthenga engezuthenga ingezuthenga
Class 10 zizothenga ezizothenga zizothenga azizuthenga ezingezuthenga zingezuthenga
Class 11 luzothenga oluzothenga luzothenga aluzuthenga olungezuthenga lungezuthenga
Class 14 buzothenga obuzothenga buzothenga abuzuthenga obungezuthenga bungezuthenga
Class 15 kuzothenga okuzothenga kuzothenga akuzuthenga okungezuthenga kungezuthenga
Class 17 kuzothenga okuzothenga kuzothenga akuzuthenga okungezuthenga kungezuthenga
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyothenga engiyothenga ngiyothenga angiyuthenga engingeyuthenga ngingeyuthenga
2nd singular uyothenga oyothenga uyothenga awuyuthenga ongeyuthenga ungeyuthenga
1st plural siyothenga esiyothenga siyothenga asiyuthenga esingeyuthenga singeyuthenga
2nd plural niyothenga eniyothenga niyothenga aniyuthenga eningeyuthenga ningeyuthenga
Class 1 uyothenga oyothenga eyothenga akayuthenga ongeyuthenga engeyuthenga
Class 2 bayothenga abayothenga beyothenga abayuthenga abangeyuthenga bengeyuthenga
Class 3 uyothenga oyothenga uyothenga awuyuthenga ongeyuthenga ungeyuthenga
Class 4 iyothenga eyothenga iyothenga ayiyuthenga engeyuthenga ingeyuthenga
Class 5 liyothenga eliyothenga liyothenga aliyuthenga elingeyuthenga lingeyuthenga
Class 6 ayothenga ayothenga eyothenga awayuthenga angeyuthenga engeyuthenga
Class 7 siyothenga esiyothenga siyothenga asiyuthenga esingeyuthenga singeyuthenga
Class 8 ziyothenga eziyothenga ziyothenga aziyuthenga ezingeyuthenga zingeyuthenga
Class 9 iyothenga eyothenga iyothenga ayiyuthenga engeyuthenga ingeyuthenga
Class 10 ziyothenga eziyothenga ziyothenga aziyuthenga ezingeyuthenga zingeyuthenga
Class 11 luyothenga oluyothenga luyothenga aluyuthenga olungeyuthenga lungeyuthenga
Class 14 buyothenga obuyothenga buyothenga abuyuthenga obungeyuthenga bungeyuthenga
Class 15 kuyothenga okuyothenga kuyothenga akuyuthenga okungeyuthenga kungeyuthenga
Class 17 kuyothenga okuyothenga kuyothenga akuyuthenga okungeyuthenga kungeyuthenga
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngithenge ngingathengi
2nd singular uthenge ungathengi
1st plural sithenge singathengi
2nd plural nithenge ningathengi
Class 1 athenge angathengi
Class 2 bathenge bangathengi
Class 3 uthenge ungathengi
Class 4 ithenge ingathengi
Class 5 lithenge lingathengi
Class 6 athenge angathengi
Class 7 sithenge singathengi
Class 8 zithenge zingathengi
Class 9 ithenge ingathengi
Class 10 zithenge zingathengi
Class 11 luthenge lungathengi
Class 14 buthenge bungathengi
Class 15 kuthenge kungathengi
Class 17 kuthenge kungathengi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngathenga ngangathenga, angathenga, angangathenga
2nd singular wathenga wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
1st plural sathenga sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga
2nd plural nathenga nangathenga, anathenga, anangathenga
Class 1 wathenga wangathenga, akathenga, akangathenga
Class 2 bathenga bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga
Class 3 wathenga wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
Class 4 yathenga yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga
Class 5 lathenga langathenga, alathenga, alangathenga
Class 6 athenga angathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
Class 7 sathenga sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga
Class 8 zathenga zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga
Class 9 yathenga yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga
Class 10 zathenga zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga
Class 11 lwathenga lwangathenga, alwathenga, alwangathenga
Class 14 bathenga bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga
Class 15 kwathenga kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga
Class 17 kwathenga kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga

Derived terms

References

  • C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thenga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thenga (3.9)”
  • Khumalo, J. S. M. (1987). An autosegmental account of Zulu phonology (Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg).
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