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English
Etymology
From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.
Pronunciation
Determiner
these
- plural of this
Usage notes
Depending on the context, the word those may be used either in place of or interchangeably with these.
Translations
plural of this
- Arabic: (nonhuman pl) هٰذِهِ f (hāḏihi), هٰؤُلَاءِ pl (hāʔulāʔi)
- Gulf Arabic: هذيل (haḏēl), هذيلي (haḏēli), هذول (haḏōl)
- Hijazi Arabic: هذول (hādōl, hadōl), هذولا (hādōla, hadōla), ذول (dōl), ذولا (dōla)
- Armenian: այս (hy) (ays)
- Azerbaijani: bunlar
- Beja: een m, taan f
- Belarusian: гэ́тыя pl (hétyja)
- Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 呢啲 (ni1 di1, nei1 di1)
- Hakka: 這兜/这兜 (yá-têu, liá-têu)
- Hokkien: 遮的 (zh-min-nan) (chiâ-ê, chiah-ê, chia-ê), 拽 (choâi, choai)
- Mandarin: 這些/这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)
- Teochew: 只撮 (zi2 coh4)
- Classical Nahuatl: inihqueh in
- Czech: tito (cs), tyto (cs), tato (cs)
- Dutch: die (nl) m or f, deze (nl) m or f
- Esperanto: ĉi tiuj, tiuj ĉi
- Estonian: need (et) pl
- Finnish: nämä (fi)
- French: ces (fr) m or f, ces …-ci pl
- Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
- German: diese (de)
- Greenlandic: makku
- Guaraní: ko'ã
- Hopi: ima
- Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
- Icelandic: þessir (is) m, þessar (is) f, þessi (is) n
- Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
- Ingrian: nämät
- Interlingua: iste (ia)
- Italian: questi (it)
- Japanese: この (ja) (kono) (same as singular), (for plural) これらの (korera-no)
- Kazakh: бұлар (būlar)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: ev (ku), van (ku)
- Macedonian: овие pl (ovie)
- Maltese: dawn
- Maori: ēnei
- Norwegian: disse (no)
- Polish: te (pl) pl or f, ci (pl) pl or m (see: ten for all forms)
- Portuguese: estes (pt) (1st person, close to the speaker); esses (pt) (2nd person, close to the listener)
- Romanian: acești m pl, aceste f pl, ăștia m pl (informal), astea f pl (informal)
- Russian: э́ти (ru) pl (éti)
- Scots: thir
- Scottish Gaelic: seo
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ови pl
- Roman: ovi (sh) pl
- Slovak: títo
- Slovene: ti (sl) pl
- Spanish: estos (es) m, estas (es) f
- Swedish: de här (sv), dessa (sv), dom här (informal)
- Talysh:
- Thai: เหล่านี้ (làoníi)
- Asalemi: ام (əm)
- Ukrainian: ці pl (ci)
- Walloon: ces (wa) m or f (followed by adverb "ci" or "cial" or "vola" after noun)
- Welsh: hyn, yma
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Translations to be checked
Pronoun
these
- plural of this
Translations
plural of this
- Armenian: սրանք (hy) (srankʻ)
- Old Armenian: սոքա (sokʻa)
- Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
- Czech: tito (cs)
- Finnish: nämä (fi)
- French: ceux-ci (fr), celles-ci (fr)
- Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
- German: diese (de) pl
- Greenlandic: makku
- Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
- Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
- Ingrian: nämät
- Italian: questi (it) m pl
- Japanese: これら (ja) (korera)
- Kannada: ಇವರು m or f (ivaru), ಇವುಗಳು n (ivugaḷu), ಇವು (kn) (ivu)
- Persian: اینها, اینها (fa) (inhâ)
- Polish: te (pl) pl or f pl, ci (pl) m pl (see: ten for all forms)
- Portuguese: esses (pt), estes (pt) m pl
- Quechua: kaykuna
- Russian: э́ти (ru) (éti)
- Scots: thir anes
- Scottish Gaelic: iad seo
- Slovak: títo
- Spanish: éstos (es)
- Turkish: bu (tr), bunlar (tr) pl
- Turoyo: ܗܰܢܝ (hani)
- Ukrainian: ці (ci)
- Welsh: y rhain
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Translations to be checked
Derived terms
Anagrams
Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from French thèse, from Latin thēsis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).
Pronunciation
Noun
these f (plural theses or thesen)
- statement, thesis, proposition
- Synonym: stelling
- thesis (lengthy essay)
- Synonyms: scriptie, proefschrift, dissertatie
Usage notes
- These and proefschrift are general terms for any thesis or dissertation submitted for the attainment of an academic degree, whereas scriptie usually refers specifically to a final assignment as part of a bachelor's or master's degree and dissertatie usually refers to a doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis.
Related terms
Latin
Noun
these
- ablative singular of thesis
Middle English
Determiner
these
- Alternative spelling of þese
Pronoun
these
- Alternative spelling of þese
Noun
these
- Alternative spelling of þese (plural of þe (“thigh”))
Old Dutch
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Determiner
these
- this, these
Inflection
Descendants
Further reading
- “these”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Saxon
Determiner
these m
- this, these
- an thesum uueroldrīkea uuirkean scoldin: They should work on this world.
Declension
Descendants
Portuguese
Noun
these f (plural theses)
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of tese.