thubutu

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ثَبُتَ (ṯabuta) or Arabic ثُبُوت (ṯubūt).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-thubutu (infinitive kuthubutu)

  1. to dare, to have the courage to do something

Conjugation

Conjugation of -thubutu
Positive present -nathubutu
Subjunctive -thubutu
Negative -thubutu
Imperative singular thubutu
Infinitives
Positive kuthubutu
Negative kutothubutu
Imperatives
Singular thubutu
Plural thubutuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huthubutu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lithubutu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuthubutu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nathubutu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninathubutu/nathubutu tunathubutu
2nd person unathubutu mnathubutu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anathubutu wanathubutu
other classes positive subject concord + -nathubutu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -thubutu)
Singular Plural
1st person sithubutu hatuthubutu
2nd person huthubutu hamthubutu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hathubutu hawathubutu
other classes negative subject concord + -thubutu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tathubutu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tathubutu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -thubutu)
Singular Plural
1st person nithubutu tuthubutu
2nd person uthubutu mthubutu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) athubutu wathubutu
other classes positive subject concord + -thubutu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sithubutu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngethubutu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singethubutu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalithubutu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalithubutu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -athubutu)
Singular Plural
1st person nathubutu twathubutu
2nd person wathubutu mwathubutu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) athubutu wathubutu
m-mi(III/IV) wathubutu yathubutu
ji-ma(V/VI) lathubutu yathubutu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chathubutu vyathubutu
n(IX/X) yathubutu zathubutu
u(XI) wathubutu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwathubutu
pa(XVI) pathubutu
mu(XVIII) mwathubutu
Perfect positive subject concord + -methubutu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshathubutu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jathubutu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kithubutu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipothubutu
Consecutive kathubutu / positive subject concord + -kathubutu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kathubutu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nithubutu -tuthubutu
2nd person -kuthubutu -wathubutu/-kuthubutuni/-wathubutuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mthubutu -wathubutu
m-mi(III/IV) -uthubutu -ithubutu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lithubutu -yathubutu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kithubutu -vithubutu
n(IX/X) -ithubutu -zithubutu
u(XI) -uthubutu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuthubutu
pa(XVI) -pathubutu
mu(XVIII) -muthubutu
Reflexive -jithubutu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -thubutu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -thubutuye -thubutuo
m-mi(III/IV) -thubutuo -thubutuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -thubutulo -thubutuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -thubutucho -thubutuvyo
n(IX/X) -thubutuyo -thubutuzo
u(XI) -thubutuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -thubutuko
pa(XVI) -thubutupo
mu(XVIII) -thubutumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -thubutu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yethubutu -othubutu
m-mi(III/IV) -othubutu -yothubutu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lothubutu -yothubutu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chothubutu -vyothubutu
n(IX/X) -yothubutu -zothubutu
u(XI) -othubutu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kothubutu
pa(XVI) -pothubutu
mu(XVIII) -mothubutu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

  1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50 Nr. 407
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