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Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
Letter
tj (upper case Tj)
- A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Determiner
f sg proximal demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) this
Usage notes
This demonstrative follows the noun it describes. By Middle Egyptian, it had become tw.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners
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pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
dual
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plural
|
unmarked
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| gender
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masculine
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feminine
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masculine
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feminine
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masculine
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feminine
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unmarked
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| proximal to speaker
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pn
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tn, jtn
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*jpnj
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*jptnj
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jpn
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jptn
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nn
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—
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| distal
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pf
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tf
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*jpfj
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*jptfj
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jpf
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jptf
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nf
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—
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| proximal to spoken of
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pj, pw, py, p
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tj, tw, jtw
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jpwj
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*jptwj
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jpw
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jptw
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nw
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—
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| vocative
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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—
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—
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—
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—
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nꜣ
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ꜥꜣ
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- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
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Middle Egyptian demonstratives
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|
determiners and pronouns
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adverbs
|
| number
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singular
|
plural1
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| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
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unmarked
|
| proximal
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pn
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tn
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nn
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ꜥn
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| distal
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pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
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nf, nfꜣ
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ꜥf
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| ‘copula’; vocative
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pw, pwy
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tw, twy
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nw
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—
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| anaphoric
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ
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ꜥꜣ
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- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
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Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
|
masculine
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feminine
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plural
|
|
adverb
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| pronoun
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pꜣw
|
dj
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| determiners and pronouns
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pꜣj
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tꜣj
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nꜣj
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| possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
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pꜣy
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tꜣy
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nꜣy
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| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
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| definite articles
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ1
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| indefinite articles
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wꜥ1
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nhꜣy1
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- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
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Etymology 2
Loprieno considers tj a development of (j)sṯ, stj (“while”), from Old Egyptian sk. Allen instead sees it as related to tjw (“yes”).
Particle
proclitic
- converts a sentence with adverbial or verbal predicate into a dependent adverbial (circumstantial) clause; yea, while, when, although
- Synonym: jsṯ
Usage notes
When the dependent clause introduced by tj has a personal pronoun as its subject, it takes the dependent form.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tj
Etymology 3
Pronoun
c sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- Late Egyptian variant of ṯw (“you”)
References
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77
Finnish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
tj
- Abbreviation of toimitusjohtaja (“CEO, MD”).
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Phrase
tj
- (military slang) Initialism of tänään jäljellä (“days (specifically mornings, i.e. TJ 0 on the final day) left of military service (today)”, literally “left/remaining today”).
Tj on 347, kunnes toisin todistetaan.- One has 347 days left until proven otherwise.
Juǀ'hoan
Pronunciation
Letter
tj (upper case Tj)
- A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
