tok

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See also: Tok, tók, tök, -tok, -tök, and ток

Translingual

Symbol

tok

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Toki Pona.

Albanian

Etymology 1

An onomatopoeia, similar to Italian toccare (“to touch, to tap”).

Verb

tok (aorist toka, participle tokur) (transitive)

  1. to cut or hit meat to mince it or make meatballs
    Synonym: grij
  2. to sharpen (scythe or sickle)
    Synonym: kalit
    toku draprin ― tempering the sickle
  3. knock
    Synonym: trokas
  4. to hit (or handshake) someone's hand to greet them, toast someone by clinking glasses
    Synonym: çokas
    tokën duart ― they high fived
    tokën gotat ― they toasted with glasses
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Related terms

Etymology 2

A semantic variation of the above mentioned verb.

Adverb

tok

  1. together
    Synonyms: bashkërisht, grumbull, së bashku

References

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tok”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

Further reading

  • “tok”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Russian ток (tok).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio(file)

Noun

tok (definite accusative toku, plural toklar)

  1. (colloquial) current (electric)
    Synonym: cərəyan
    onu tok vurdu ― he got an electric shock
    toka qoşmaq ― to power up, to plug in
    toka vermək ― to give electric shocks (in order to torture or kill)

Declension

    Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tok
 toklar
definite accusative toku
 tokları
dative toka
 toklara
locative tokda
 toklarda
ablative tokdan
 toklardan
definite genitive tokun
 tokların
    Possessive forms of tok
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokum toklarım
sənin (“your”) tokun tokların
onun (“his/her/its”) toku tokları
bizim (“our”) tokumuz toklarımız
sizin (“your”) tokunuz toklarınız
onların (“their”) toku or tokları tokları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokumu toklarımı
sənin (“your”) tokunu toklarını
onun (“his/her/its”) tokunu toklarını
bizim (“our”) tokumuzu toklarımızı
sizin (“your”) tokunuzu toklarınızı
onların (“their”) tokunu or toklarını toklarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokuma toklarıma
sənin (“your”) tokuna toklarına
onun (“his/her/its”) tokuna toklarına
bizim (“our”) tokumuza toklarımıza
sizin (“your”) tokunuza toklarınıza
onların (“their”) tokuna or toklarına toklarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokumda toklarımda
sənin (“your”) tokunda toklarında
onun (“his/her/its”) tokunda toklarında
bizim (“our”) tokumuzda toklarımızda
sizin (“your”) tokunuzda toklarınızda
onların (“their”) tokunda or toklarında toklarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokumdan toklarımdan
sənin (“your”) tokundan toklarından
onun (“his/her/its”) tokundan toklarından
bizim (“our”) tokumuzdan toklarımızdan
sizin (“your”) tokunuzdan toklarınızdan
onların (“their”) tokundan or toklarından toklarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) tokumun toklarımın
sənin (“your”) tokunun toklarının
onun (“his/her/its”) tokunun toklarının
bizim (“our”) tokumuzun toklarımızın
sizin (“your”) tokunuzun toklarınızın
onların (“their”) tokunun or toklarının toklarının

Further reading

  • “tok” in Obastan.com.

Chickasaw

Particle

tok

  1. particle used to express actions in the past.
    Hatuk nakni aiya achumpa tok.
    That man went to town.
    (literally, “That man go town (past tense).”)

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech tok, from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

tok m inan

  1. flow

Declension

Declension of tok (velar masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative tok toky
genitive toku toků
dative toku tokům
accusative tok toky
vocative toku toky
locative toku tocích
instrumental tokem toky

Further reading

  • tok in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • tok in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • tok in Internetová jazyková příručka

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Noun

tok (plural tokok)

  1. holder
  2. case
  3. cover
  4. sheath
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tok tokok
accusative tokot tokokat
dative toknak tokoknak
instrumental tokkal tokokkal
causal-final tokért tokokért
translative tokká tokokká
terminative tokig tokokig
essive-formal tokként tokokként
essive-modal — —
inessive tokban tokokban
superessive tokon tokokon
adessive toknál tokoknál
illative tokba tokokba
sublative tokra tokokra
allative tokhoz tokokhoz
elative tokból tokokból
delative tokról tokokról
ablative toktól tokoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toké tokoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		tokéi tokokéi
Possessive forms of tok
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. tokom tokjaim
2nd person sing. tokod tokjaid
3rd person sing. tokja tokjai
1st person plural tokunk tokjaink
2nd person plural tokotok tokjaitok
3rd person plural tokjuk tokjaik
Derived terms

(Compound words):

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from Turkic, probably before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare also Armenian թուխու (tʻuxu, “sturgeon”).

Noun

tok (plural tokok)

  2. sturgeon (a type of fish)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tok tokok
accusative tokot tokokat
dative toknak tokoknak
instrumental tokkal tokokkal
causal-final tokért tokokért
translative tokká tokokká
terminative tokig tokokig
essive-formal tokként tokokként
essive-modal — —
inessive tokban tokokban
superessive tokon tokokon
adessive toknál tokoknál
illative tokba tokokba
sublative tokra tokokra
allative tokhoz tokokhoz
elative tokból tokokból
delative tokról tokokról
ablative toktól tokoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		toké tokoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		tokéi tokokéi
Possessive forms of tok
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. tokom tokjaim
2nd person sing. tokod tokjaid
3rd person sing. tokja tokjai
1st person plural tokunk tokjaink
2nd person plural tokotok tokjaitok
3rd person plural tokjuk tokjaik

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 tok in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • (case, sheath): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (sturgeon): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Kokborok

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”). Cognate with Bodo (India) दाव (dao), Atong (India) taw·, Garo do·o.

Noun

tok

  1. bird

References

  • Debbarma, Binoy (2001) “tok”, in Concise Kokborok-English-Bengali Dictionary‎, Language Wing, Education Department, TTAADC, →ISBN, page 129

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

Verb

tok

  1. simple past of ta

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

tok

  1. past of ta and taka

Polabian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *takъ.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tok

  1. such

Polish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish tok.

Noun

tok m inan

  1. process
    Synonyms: proces, przebieg
  2. course
    tok zdarzeń ― course of events
  3. (in certain collocations) train
    tok myślenia ― train of thought
  4. current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)
  5. (ethology) courtship display
Declension
Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tok toki
genitive toku toków
dative tokowi tokom
accusative tok toki
instrumental tokiem tokami
locative toku tokach
vocative toku toki
Derived terms
nouns
preposition
Related terms
noun
verb

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French toque.

Noun

tok m inan

  1. (archaic) toque (type of hat)
    Synonym: toczek
Declension
Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tok toki
genitive toku toków
dative tokowi tokom
accusative tok toki
instrumental tokiem tokami
locative toku tokach
vocative toku toki

Further reading

  • tok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tok in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.

Pronunciation

Noun

tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)

  1. flow
  2. stream, current
  3. flux
    sv(j)etlosni tok ― luminous flux
    energijski tok ― energy flux
  4. (Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)
Declension
Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tȏk tókovi
genitive toka tokova
dative toku tokovima
accusative tok tokove
vocative toče tokovi
locative toku tokovima
instrumental tokom tokovima
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).

Pronunciation

Noun

tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)

  1. (regional) sheath, scabbard
    Synonym: korice
Declension
Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tȏk tòkovi
genitive toka tokova
dative toku tokovima
accusative tok tokove
vocative toče tokovi
locative toku tokovima
instrumental tokom tokovima

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

tok m inan (declension pattern of dub)

  1. flow
  2. current

Declension

Declension of tok
singular plural
nominative tok toky
genitive toku tokov
dative toku tokom
accusative tok toky
locative toke tokoch
instrumental tokom tokmi

Further reading

  • “tok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

tọ̑k m inan

  1. current
Inflection
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing. tók
gen. sing. tóka
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		tók tokôva tokôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		tóka tokôv tokôv
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		tóku tokôvoma tokôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		tók tokôva tokôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		tóku tokôvih tokôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		tókom tokôvoma tokôvi
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. tók
gen. sing. tóka
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		tók tóka tóki
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		tóka tókov tókov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		tóku tókoma tókom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		tók tóka tóke
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		tóku tókih tókih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		tókom tókoma tóki

Etymology 2

From Hungarian tok.

Pronunciation

Noun

tȍk or tọ̑k m inan

  1. holder
  2. case
Inflection
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. tòk
gen. sing. tóka
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		tòk tóka tóki
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		tóka tókov tókov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		tóku tókoma tókom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		tòk tóka tóke
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		tóku tókih tókih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		tókom tókoma tóki
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. tók
gen. sing. tóka
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		tók tóka tóki
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		tóka tókov tókov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		tóku tókoma tókom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		tók tóka tóke
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		tóku tókih tókih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		tókom tókoma tóki

Further reading

  • “tok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

Cognate with Northern Tepehuan tóki, O'odham toki.

Noun

tok

  1. cotton

References

  • R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎ (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 168

Swedish

Etymology

Dialectal, perhaps of imitative origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

tok c

  1. crazy person, fool, wacko (stupid and/or crazy (and silly) person)
    köra som en tok
    drive like a fool/madman
  2. shrubby cinquefoil (short form of ölandstok)

Declension

Declension of tok 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative tok token tokar tokarna
Genitive toks tokens tokars tokarnas

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Anagrams

Tok Pisin

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology

From English talk.

Noun

tok

  1. message; news; speech; announcement
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:
      Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”
      →New International Version translation
  2. rumour
  3. word
  4. language

Derived terms

Related terms

Verb

tok intrans., transitive tokim

  1. (intransitive) to speak, talk
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:3:
      Na God i tok olsem, “Lait i mas kamap.” Orait lait i kamap.
      And God said this, "Light must appear." So light appeared.

Related terms

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طوق (ṭoḳ), from Proto-Turkic *tok, from *tod- (“to become satiated”) or *to- (“to fill up; to close, to block”).

Cognates

Adjective

tok

  1. Not hungry; sated, full.
    Synonym: doymuş
    Antonym: aç
  2. (of fabric) thickly, densely woven
  3. (of voice) deep and loud

Declension

predicative forms of tok
present tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I am) tokum tok muyum? tok değilim tok değil miyim?
sen (you are) toksun tok musun? tok değilsin tok değil misin?
o (he/she/it is) tok / toktur tok mu? tok değil tok değil mi?
biz (we are) tokuz tok muyuz? tok değiliz tok değil miyiz?
siz (you are) toksunuz tok musunuz? tok değilsiniz tok değil misiniz?
onlar (they are) tok(lar) tok(lar) mı? tok değil(ler) tok değiller mi?
past tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) toktum tok muydum? tok değildim tok değil miydim?
sen (you were) toktun tok muydun? tok değildin tok değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was) toktu tok muydu? tok değildi tok değil miydi?
biz (we were) toktuk tok muyduk? tok değildik tok değil miydik?
siz (you were) toktunuz tok muydunuz? tok değildiniz tok değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were) toktular tok muydular? tok değildi(ler) / değillerdi tok değil miydiler?
indirect past
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) tokmuşum tok muymuşum? tok değilmişim tok değil miymişim?
sen (you were) tokmuşsun tok muymuşsun? tok değilmişsin tok değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was) tokmuş tok muymuş? tok değilmiş tok değil miymiş?
biz (we were) tokmuşuz tok muymuşuz? tok değilmişiz tok değil miymişiz?
siz (you were) tokmuşsunuz tok muymuşsunuz? tok değilmişsiniz tok değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were) tokmuşlar tok muymuşlar? tok değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş tok değil miymişler?
conditional
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (if I) toksam tok muysam? tok değilsem tok değil miysem?
sen (if you) toksan tok muysan? tok değilsen tok değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it) toksa tok muysa? tok değilse tok değil miyse?
biz (if we) toksak tok muysak? tok değilsek tok değil miysek?
siz (if you) toksanız tok muysanız? tok değilseniz tok değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they) toksalar tok muysalar? tok değilseler / değillerse tok değil miyseler?

Derived terms

Related terms

References

  1. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1258
  2. ^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 819
  3. ^ Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) “طوق”, in قاموس تركی (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası, page 901
  4. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 tok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 464
  5. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dod-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  6. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Further reading

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Middle High German tocke, from Old High German toccha (“doll”), from Proto-Germanic *dokko (“something round”), related to *dukkǭ (“muscle, strength”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeu-k- (“to spin, shake”); cognate with German Docke (“corn dolly”).

Pronunciation

Noun

tok f (plural toka, diminutive takla)

  1. doll

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia