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English
Etymology
First attested in Ralph Roister Doister (published 1567, written circa 1552), where it is used to describe a boisterous girl;[1] the OED says the citation is however "generally taken" to mean a boisterous boy, and says that a use in The Old Law (published 1656, thought to have been written circa 1599) "certainly" means a boy:[2] "must young court-tits / play tomboys' tricks with her?"[3] By 1579 it was attested in the meaning "an immodest woman", and by no later than 1592 it had developed its modern meaning of a “girl who acts like a boy”;[2] from tom + boy.
Pronunciation
Noun
tomboy (plural tomboys)
- A girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner.
His sister, his dearest and only playmate, is a tomboy at heart.
- Synonyms: hoyden, ladette, romp
- Antonym: (with regards to behaviour) girly girl
- Antonym: (with regards to gender) macho man
- Antonyms: (with regards to gender and behaviour) femboy, janegirl
- (Philippines, colloquial) A lesbian; a butch.
Descendants
Translations
girl who acts as a typical boy would
- Arabic: فَتَاة مُسْتَرْجِلَة f (fatā(t) mustarjila)
- Levantine Arabic: حَسَن صَبِيّ m (ḥasan ṣabiyy)
- Bengali: গেছো মেয়ে (gecho mee), ধিঙ্গি মেয়ে (dhiṅgi mee), মর্দানি (mordani)
- Breton: yourc'h (br) m
- Bulgarian: мъжкарана f (mǎžkarana)
- Burmese: ယောက်ျားလျာ (my)
- Catalan: gallimarsot m (pejorative; rarely of children), noia masculina f ("Noia" can be omitted.)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 男人婆 (naam4 jan4 po4)
- Mandarin: 假小子 (zh) (jiǎxiǎozi), 女漢子/女汉子 (nǚhànzǐ)
- Danish: drengepige
- Dutch: tomboy (nl), wildebras (nl) f
- Finnish: poikatyttö (fi)
- French: garçon manqué (fr) m, garçonne (fr) f
- German: burschikos (de), jungenhaft (de) (both adjectives; if necessary, nominalize or construe with Mädchen); an ihr ist ein Junge verloren gegangen (literally “a boy has been lost on her”); Wildfang (de) m (bubbly, rambunctious, wild); Mannsweib (de) n (pejorative; rarely of children); tomboy
- Greek: αγοροκόριτσο (el) n (agorokóritso)
- Hungarian: fiús lány
- Irish: cailín báire m
- Italian: maschiaccio (it) m, ragazza masculina f (literally “masculine girl”) ("Ragazza" can be omitted.)
- Japanese: お転婆 (ja) (おてんば, otenba)
- Kazakh: еркекшора (erkekşora), еркек-шора (erkek-şora)
- Korean: 말괄량이 (ko) (malgwallyang'i)
- Latin: puella masculina f
- Macedonian: машкуда́нка f (maškudánka)
- Norman: garçonniéthe f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: guttejente (no) m or f
- Polish: baba-chłop (pl) f, chłopobaba f, chłopczyca (pl) f, herod-baba (pl) f, kobieton m, babochłop (pl) m
- Portuguese: maria-rapaz f, menina macha f ("Menina" can be omitted.)
- Russian: паца́нка (ru) f (pacánka), мужичка (ru) f (mužička), томбой f (tomboj)
- Spanish: marimacha f, marimacho (es) m, machorra (es) f, chicazo m, varonera f (Argentina, Uruguay), chica masculina f ("Chica" can be omitted.), hombruna f
- Sundanese: balakasikang (su)
- Swedish: pojkflicka (sv) c
- Tagalog: tomboy
- Turkish: erkek Fatma, tomboy
- West Flemish: knechtebrokke f
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See also
References
Further reading
- ^ Jennifer Higginbotham, Mark Albert Johnston, Queering Childhood in Early Modern English Drama and Culture, Springer (2018, →ISBN), page 101
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Oxford English Dictionary, volume XI (1933)
- ^ Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works (2007, OUP, →ISBN), page 1365
Bikol Central
Etymology
Borrowed from English tomboy.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: tom‧boy
- IPA(key): /ˈtomboj/
Noun
tómbóy
- a girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner
- (colloquial) a lesbian; butch
- Synonyms: tibo, papanay
See also
Cebuano
Etymology
Borrowed from English tomboy.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: tom‧boy
- IPA(key): /ˈtomboj/
Noun
tomboy
- a girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner
- a lesbian; butch
Quotations
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English tomboy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tomˈboi/
- Rhymes: -oi
- Syllabification: tom‧boy
Noun
tomboy f (plural tomboys)
- tomboy (a boyish girl or woman)
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from English tomboy.
Pronunciation
Noun
tomboy (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜌ᜔) (colloquial)
- tomboy; boyish girl
- Synonyms: binalaki, binalalaki, marimatso, lalakinin, amasona
1973, Liwayway:Si Trudy, gaya ng palayaw sa kanya, ay isang tomboy. Sa kanilang lugar, walang batang lalaking nakadaig sa kanya sa ano mang uri ng sports.- Trudy, like her nickname, is a tomboy. In their neighborhood, the boys cannot even beat her in any sports.
1968, Dionisio S. Salazar, Pitong dula:Sa suot niyang " kamisadentrong panlalaki at "pedal-pusher" na maong ay wala siyang iniwan sa isang "tomboy". (Palinga-linga silang dalawa na tila may hinahanap. Pagtapat sa may puno ng adelpa ay titigil sila.)- He did not leave the undershirt and "pedal-pusher" jeans to a tomboy (They are looking to the left and right like they are finding something. They will stop when they face the oleander tree.)
- butch; lesbian
- Synonyms: tibo, lesbiyana, lesbiya, (slang) leslie, (slang) shiboli, (slang) tiboom, (slang) T-bird