torpeo

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”) (whose relation with Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“sterile”), if any, is unclear). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to coagulate, grow stiff; to melt”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”), Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“fresh, unleavened”);[1] see also Old English steorfan (“to die”), Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”).

Pronunciation

Verb

torpeō (present infinitive torpēre, perfect active torpuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

  1. to be stiff, numb, torpid or motionless
  2. to be stupefied or astounded
  3. to be inactive or listless

Conjugation

   Conjugation of torpeō (second conjugation, no supine stem, active-only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present torpeō torpēs torpet torpēmus torpētis torpent
imperfect torpēbam torpēbās torpēbat torpēbāmus torpēbātis torpēbant
future torpēbō torpēbis torpēbit torpēbimus torpēbitis torpēbunt
perfect torpuī torpuistī torpuit torpuimus torpuistis torpuērunt,
torpuēre
pluperfect torpueram torpuerās torpuerat torpuerāmus torpuerātis torpuerant
future perfect torpuerō torpueris torpuerit torpuerimus torpueritis torpuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present torpeam torpeās torpeat torpeāmus torpeātis torpeant
imperfect torpērem torpērēs torpēret torpērēmus torpērētis torpērent
perfect torpuerim torpuerīs torpuerit torpuerīmus torpuerītis torpuerint
pluperfect torpuissem torpuissēs torpuisset torpuissēmus torpuissētis torpuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — torpē — — torpēte —
future — torpētō torpētō — torpētōte torpentō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives torpēre torpuisse — — — —
participles torpēns — — — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
torpendī torpendō torpendum torpendō — —

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Italian: torpere

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torpeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624

Further reading

  • “torpeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “torpeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • torpeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be numb with cold: frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere
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