torrua

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Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *torudak, equivalent to tora (“quarrel”) +‎ -ua. Cognates include Finnish torua.

Pronunciation

Verb

torrua

  1. (transitive) to scold

Conjugation

Conjugation of torrua (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular torun en toru 1st singular oon torunt, oon torunut en oo torunt, en oo torunut
2nd singular torut et toru 2nd singular oot torunt, oot torunut et oo torunt, et oo torunut
3rd singular torruu ei toru 3rd singular ono torunt, ono torunut ei oo torunt, ei oo torunut
1st plural torumma emmä toru 1st plural oomma toruneet emmä oo toruneet
2nd plural torutta että toru 2nd plural ootta toruneet että oo toruneet
3rd plural torruut1), toruvat2), torutaa evät toru, ei toruta 3rd plural ovat toruneet evät oo toruneet, ei oo toruttu
impersonal torutaa ei toruta impersonal ono toruttu ei oo toruttu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular toruin en torunt, en torunut 1st singular olin torunt, olin torunut en olt torunt, en olt torunut
2nd singular toruit et torunt, et torunut 2nd singular olit torunt, olit torunut et olt torunt, et olt torunut
3rd singular torui ei torunt, ei torunut 3rd singular oli torunt, oli torunut ei olt torunt, ei olt torunut
1st plural toruimma emmä toruneet 1st plural olimma toruneet emmä olleet toruneet
2nd plural toruitta että toruneet 2nd plural olitta toruneet että olleet toruneet
3rd plural torruit1), toruivat2), toruttii evät toruneet, ei toruttu 3rd plural olivat toruneet evät olleet toruneet, ei olt toruttu
impersonal toruttii ei toruttu impersonal oli toruttu ei olt toruttu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular toruisin en toruis 1st singular olisin torunt, olisin torunut en olis torunt, en olis torunut
2nd singular toruisit, torruist1) et toruis 2nd singular olisit torunt, olisit torunut et olis torunt, et olis torunut
3rd singular toruis ei toruis 3rd singular olis torunt, olis torunut ei olis torunt, ei olis torunut
1st plural toruisimma emmä toruis 1st plural olisimma toruneet emmä olis toruneet
2nd plural toruisitta että toruis 2nd plural olisitta toruneet että olis toruneet
3rd plural toruisiit1), toruisivat2), toruttais evät toruis, ei toruttais 3rd plural olisivat toruneet evät olis toruneet, ei olis toruttu
impersonal toruttais ei toruttais impersonal olis toruttu ei olis toruttu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular toru elä toru 2nd singular oo torunt, oo torunut elä oo torunt, elä oo torunut
3rd singular torukoo elköö toruko 3rd singular olkoo torunt, olkoo torunut elköö olko torunt, elköö olko torunut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural torukaa elkää toruko 2nd plural olkaa toruneet elkää olko toruneet
3rd plural torukoot elkööt toruko, elköö toruttako 3rd plural olkoot toruneet elkööt olko toruneet, elköö olko toruttu
impersonal toruttakkoo elköö toruttako impersonal olkoo toruttu elköö olko toruttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular torunen en torune
2nd singular torunet et torune
3rd singular torunoo ei torune
1st plural torunemma emmä torune
2nd plural torunetta että torune
3rd plural torunoot evät torune, ei toruttane
impersonal toruttannoo ei toruttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st torrua present toruva toruttava
2nd inessive torujees past torunt, torunut toruttu
instructive torruen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (torukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative torumaa
inessive torumaas
elative torumast
abessive torumata
4th nominative torumiin
partitive torumista, torumist

Synonyms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 593

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *torudak.

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈtoruɑ̯/,
  • Rhymes: -oruɑ̯
  • Hyphenation: tor‧rua

Verb

torrua

  1. to scold, rebuke, criticize

Inflection

Conjugation of torrua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular torun en toru 1st singular õõn torunnu en õõ torunnu
2nd singular torud ed toru 2nd singular õõd torunnu ed õõ torunnu
3rd singular torub eb toru 3rd singular on torunnu eb õõ torunnu
1st plural torummõ emmä toru 1st plural öõmmõ torunnu emmä õõ torunnu
2nd plural toruttõ että toru 2nd plural õõttõ torunnu että õõ torunnu
3rd plural toruta eväd toru 3rd plural õlla toruttu eväd õõ toruttu
impersonal toruta eväd toru impersonal õlla toruttu eväd õõ toruttu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular toruzin en torunnu 1st singular õlin torunnu —
2nd singular toruzid ed torunnu 2nd singular õlid torunnu —
3rd singular toru eb torunnu 3rd singular õli torunnu —
1st plural toruzimmõ emmä torunnu 1st plural õlimmõ torunnu —
2nd plural toruzittõ että torunnu 2nd plural õlittõ torunnu —
3rd plural torutti eväd toruttu 3rd plural õlti toruttu —
impersonal torutti eväd toruttu impersonal õlti toruttu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular toruizin en toruizʹ 1st singular õllõizin torunnu en õllõizʹ torunnu
2nd singular toruizid ed toruizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid torunnu ed õllõizʹ torunnu
3rd singular toruizʹ eb toruizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ torunnu eb õllõizʹ torunnu
1st plural toruizimmõ emmä toruizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ torunnu emmä õllõizʹ torunnu
2nd plural toruizittõ että toruizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ torunnu että õllõizʹ torunnu
3rd plural toruttaizʹ eväd toruttaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ toruttu eväd õltaizʹ toruttu
impersonal toruttaizʹ eväd toruttaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ toruttu eväd õltaizʹ toruttu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular toru elä toru
3rd singular torugo elko torugo
1st plural — —
2nd plural toruga elka toruga
3rd plural torugod —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st torrua present torujõ1) —
2nd illative toruma past torunnu toruttu
inessive torumõz 1) also used as the agent noun
elative torumassõ
abessive torumattõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “torua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia