tournoyer

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French

Etymology

From tourner +‎ -oyer.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuʁ.nwa.je/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

tournoyer

  1. (intransitive, of smoke, leaves, snow flakes) to whirl, to swirl
  2. (intransitive, of water) to eddy, to swirl
  3. (intransitive) to whirl, to swirl, to twirl, to whirl round, to swirl round, to twirl round
    faire tournoyer ― to swirl, swing (e.g. a lasso)
  4. (intransitive, of a bird) to circle, to circle round, to wheel

Conjugation

This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.

Conjugation of tournoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple tournoyer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple tournoyant
/tuʁ.nwa.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle tournoyé
/tuʁ.nwa.je/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tournoie
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoies
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoie
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoyons
/tuʁ.nwa.jɔ̃/ 		tournoyez
/tuʁ.nwa.je/ 		tournoient
/tuʁ.nwa/
imperfect tournoyais
/tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ 		tournoyais
/tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ 		tournoyait
/tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ 		tournoyions
/tuʁ.nwaj.jɔ̃/ 		tournoyiez
/tuʁ.nwaj.je/ 		tournoyaient
/tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/
past historic2 tournoyai
/tuʁ.nwa.je/ 		tournoyas
/tuʁ.nwa.ja/ 		tournoya
/tuʁ.nwa.ja/ 		tournoyâmes
/tuʁ.nwa.jam/ 		tournoyâtes
/tuʁ.nwa.jat/ 		tournoyèrent
/tuʁ.nwa.jɛʁ/
future tournoierai
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁe/ 		tournoieras
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁa/ 		tournoiera
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁa/ 		tournoierons
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɔ̃/ 		tournoierez
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁe/ 		tournoieront
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɔ̃/
conditional tournoierais
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ 		tournoierais
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ 		tournoierait
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ 		tournoierions
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁjɔ̃/ 		tournoieriez
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁje/ 		tournoieraient
/tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tournoie
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoies
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoie
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		tournoyions
/tuʁ.nwaj.jɔ̃/ 		tournoyiez
/tuʁ.nwaj.je/ 		tournoient
/tuʁ.nwa/
imperfect2 tournoyasse
/tuʁ.nwa.jas/ 		tournoyasses
/tuʁ.nwa.jas/ 		tournoyât
/tuʁ.nwa.ja/ 		tournoyassions
/tuʁ.nwa.ja.sjɔ̃/ 		tournoyassiez
/tuʁ.nwa.ja.sje/ 		tournoyassent
/tuʁ.nwa.jas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tournoie
/tuʁ.nwa/ 		— tournoyons
/tuʁ.nwa.jɔ̃/ 		tournoyez
/tuʁ.nwa.je/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

Old French tornoier.

Verb

tournoyer

  1. to participate in a tourney (medieval tournament); to tourney

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of tournoyer
infinitive simple tournoyer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple tournoyant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle tournoyé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tournoye tournoyes tournoye tournoyons tournoyez tournoyent
imperfect tournoyois, tournoyoys tournoyois, tournoyoys tournoyoit, tournoyoyt tournoyions, tournoyyons tournoyiez, tournoyyez tournoyoient, tournoyoyent
past historic tournoya tournoyas tournoya tournoyasmes tournoyastes tournoyerent
future tournoyerai, tournoyeray tournoyeras tournoyera tournoyerons tournoyerez tournoyeront
conditional tournoyerois, tournoyeroys tournoyerois, tournoyeroys tournoyeroit, tournoyeroyt tournoyerions, tournoyeryons tournoyeriez, tournoyeryez tournoyeroient, tournoyeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tournoye tournoyes tournoye tournoyons tournoyez tournoyent
imperfect tournoyasse tournoyasses tournoyast tournoyassions tournoyassiez tournoyassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tournoye — tournoyons tournoyez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: tournoyer

References

  • tournoyer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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