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toàn. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
toàn, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
toàn in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
toàn you have here. The definition of the word
toàn will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
toàn, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Vietnamese
- (originally common between all dialects, latter Southern Vietnam, obsolete) tuyền
Etymology
Sino-Vietnamese word from 全.
The expected reflex of the Middle Chinese form would be tuyền (cf. 緣 (MC ywen) > duyên, 川 (MC tsyhwen) > xuyên, 專 (MC tsywen) > chuyên); đen tuyền (“deep black”) is the singular case where its usage persists in all dialects. The now dominant form toàn is a Northern innovation, displaced the earlier common form tuyền. Aside from the aforementioned exception, the form tuyền was still used to some extent in the Southern dialects until the 20th century (both as a stand-alone morpheme and in compounds such as vẹn tuyền).
toàn (tŏàn) as a reading of 全 (MC dzjwen) is attested once, in quan tŏàn ſát (“supreme judicial officer”) in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary chiefly based on the Northern dialects, while tuyèn is attested thrice (once as header, twice in ſao᷄ tuyèn, an indirect predecessor of modern song toàn). In Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), a dictionary based chiefly on the Southern dialects, the form toàn has no entry, while tuyền is abundantly attested.
The Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651) has this about the similar sounding word tiền:
1651, Alexandre de Rhodes, Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum [Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary]: […] quia quædam Gubernatrix exempli cauſa habuit ab infantia nomen, tién, quòd monetam ſignificat, non licet in domo illius, neque extra domum, eius domeſticis vti nomine, tièn, ſed debent dicere, tŏàn […]- because a certain Governor, for example, had from her childhood the name tién, which means "money", neither in her house nor outside of it, is it allowed for to use the name tièn, but they must say tŏàn
Pronunciation
Adverb
toàn
- nothing but
- toàn nước là nước ― nothing but water
Prefix
toàn
- pan-; all; entire; whole
- toàn khu vực ― the whole/entire area
- toàn công ti ― the whole/entire company
Derived terms