trái

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "trai"

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *k-laːjʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaj(ʔ) ~ *klaaj(ʔ) (“to change”), cognate with Muong tlải, Tho klaːj³, Khmer ក្លាយ (klaay, “to change”), Mon ကၠဲာ (klai, “to translate”). Compare also Thai กลาย (glaai), Lao ກາຍ (kāi).

Adjective

trái • (賴, 債, 债)

  1. (often with bên) left (side, direction)
    bên trái ― on the left
    Rẽ/Quẹo (tay) trái.
    Turn left.
  2. reverse (side)
    mặt trái của tấm vải ― the reverse of a piece of cloth
  3. (rare) morally wrong, unreasonable, illogical
    phân rõ phải trái, đúng sai ― to distinguish between right and wrong
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Adverb

trái • (賴)

  1. inside out
    Lộn trái quần áo để phơi.
    Turn the clothes inside out and hang them out to dry.
Synonyms

Preposition

trái (賴)

  1. contrary to, despite
    nắng trái tiết ― unseasonably sunny (literally, “sunny despite the climate”)
    trái nghĩa ― antonymous
    trái với quan niệm thông thường ― contrary to popular belief
Derived terms
contrary to
Related terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *p-leːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pləjʔ (“fruit”). Cognate with Muong tlải, Khmer ផ្លែ (phlae), Bahnar plei, Pacoh culay, Mang pløː¹.

This is originally the Southern form. The North Central form trấy is still extensively used in these dialects. The Northern forms giái (inland dialects), lái (as in lái tim, coastal dialects) are also attested, but now are mostly displaced by Sino-Vietnamese quả when used as a stand-alone noun and by Southern trái when used as part of compound (as in Trái Đất (“the Earth”)).

Alternative forms

  • (Northern Vietnam, inland dialects, probably obsolete) giái
  • (Northern Vietnam, coastal dialects, probably obsolete) lái
  • (North Central Vietnam) trấy

Noun

trái • (𢁑, 𣛤, 𢁑, 𣡙, 𣡚, 𧀞)

  1. (chiefly Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) a piece of fruit
    ăn trái (cây) ― to eat fruit
  2. (informal) land mine
    gài trái ― to place land mines
Synonyms

Classifier

trái (𢁑, 𣛤, 𢁑, 𣡙, 𣡚, 𧀞)

  1. (chiefly Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Refers to anything round, such as a piece of fruit.
    trái chôm chôm ― rambutan
    trái lựu đạn ― grenade
    trái núi ― mountain
    trái banh ― football
    trái cây ― a piece of fruit
Synonyms
Derived terms
anything round

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

trái • (瘵)

  1. smallpox
    lên trái ― to come down with smallpox
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

Romanization

trái

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 債
  2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 責

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia