trẫm

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Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 朕.

Pronoun

trẫm

  1. (imperial, archaic) I; me (similar to the royal we)
    Synonyms: ta, quả nhân, cô, bất cốc
    • Qin Shi Huang, quoted in c. 91 BCE, Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian; 1971 English translation by Burton Watson; Vietnamese translation by Phan Ngọc
      Trẫm là Thủy Hoàng Đế, các đời sau cứ theo số mà tính: Nhị Thế, Tam Thế đến Vạn Thế truyền mãi không cùng
      We ourselves shall be called First Emperor, and successive generations shall be numbered consecutively: Second, Third, and so on until for 1,000 or 10,000 generations, the succession passing down without end.
    • 1429, Lê Lợi, quoted in 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
      Trẫm là người thế nào, mà mệnh trời trao cho chức Đế Vương? Và trẫm nhờ ở điểm nào mà dựng nên được công nghiệp lớn này?
      What kind of man am I, that by the Mandate of Heaven (I) have been granted Emperorship and Kingship? And what personal qualities have I relied on to build up all these great achievements and merits?

See also

Etymology 2

Compare Chinese 沉 (MC drim, “submerge”) (Zhengzhang) (SV: trầm).

Verb

trẫm • (酖)

  1. (archaic or literary) to drown oneself
    • late 17th - early 18th c., anonymous author, Thiên Nam Ngữ Lục Ngoại Kỷ (Peripheral Records in the Language of the Southern Sky)
      Thôi bèn trẫm mình xuống sông. Hồn hoa phảng phất, má hồng lênh đênh.
      She then drowned herself in the river; her fair spirit a-fleeting, her rosy cheeks a-drifting
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